Accumulation of trace elements in muscle, gill and liver of fish species (Capoeta umbla and Luciobarbus mystaceus) in the Tigris River (Turkey), and health risk assessment

Abstract

Two fish species (Capoeta umbla and Luciobarbus mystaceus) were collected from the Tigris River (Turkey), and tissues (gill, muscle and liver) of fish samples were analyzed for Cd, As, Mn, Cr, Cu, Co and Ni using the inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry. Significant differences were present between fish species in regard to trace element (TE) concentrations in muscle for Mn, in liver for Cu, Cd and Mn, and in gill for As, Co, Cu and Cd (p < 0.05). Liver had the highest total TE concentration, followed by gill and muscle. Significant negative correlations were recorded between fish size (length and weight) and TE concentrations in the tissues. Both fish species showed no gender differences in TE accumulation in muscle, gill and liver (p > 0.05). The estimated daily intakes for all TEs were much lower than the tolerable daily intakes. The target hazard quotient (THQ) and total THQ values of all TEs did not exceed 1, which means that non-carcinogenic health effects are not expected for the consumers. Arsenic carcinogenic risk values were within acceptable range. Mean Cd concentrations in muscle tissue of both fish species exceeded the maximum permissible limit set by the European Commission Regulation, while mean concentrations of As, Cr and Cu were below the legislated limits.