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    Chemistry and engineering of brush type polymers: Perspective towards tissue engineering
    (Elsevier, 2022) Karaca Açarı, İdil; Sel, Evren; Özcan, İmren; Ateş, Burhan; Köytepe, Süleyman; Thakur, Vijay Kumar
    In tissue engineering, it is imperative to control the behaviour of cells/stem cells, such as adhesion, proliferation, propagation, motility, and differentiation for tissue regeneration. Surfaces that allow cells to behave in this way are critical as support materials in tissue engineering. Among these surfaces, brush-type polymers have an important potential for tissue engineering and biomedical applications. Brush structure and length, end groups, bonding densities, hydrophilicity, surface energy, structural flexibility, thermal stability, surface chemical reactivity, rheological and tribological properties, electron and energy transfer ability, cell binding and absorption abilities for various biological molecules of brush-type polymers were increased its importance in tissue engineering applications. In addition, thanks to these functional properties and adjustable surface properties, brush type polymers are used in different high-tech applications such as electronics, sensors, anti-fouling, catalysis, purification and energy etc. This review comprehensively highlights the use of brush-type polymers in tissue engineering applications. Considering the superior properties of brush-type polymer structures, it is believed that in the future, it will be an effective tool in structure designs containing many different biomolecules (enzymes, proteins, etc.) in the field of tissue engineering.
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    The Cytotoxicity, DNA Fragmentation, and Decreasing Velocity Induced By Chromium(III) Oxide on Rainbow Trout Spermatozoa
    (Springer, 2022) Özgür, Mustafa Erkan; Ulu, Ahmet; Gürses, Canbolat; Özcan, İmren; Samir Abbas Ali, Noma; Köytepe, Süleyman; Ateş, Burhan
    The present study aimed to determine the cytotoxicity of chromium(III) oxide micro particles (Cr2O3-Ps) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spermatozoa. Firstly, Cr2O3-Ps were synthesized and structurally characterized the surface, morphological for particle size and thermal properties. In addition, its structural and elemental purity was determined using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum and elemental maps. Structural purity, thermal properties, and stability of Cr2O3-Ps were also examined in detail by performing thermal analysis techniques. The cytotoxicity of Cr2O3-Ps was measured by the observation of velocities, antioxidant activities, and DNA damages in rainbow trout spermatozoa after exposure during 3 h in vitro incubation. The straight line velocity (VSL), the curvilinear velocity (VCL), and the angular path velocity (VAP) of spermatozoa decreased after exposure to Cr2O3-Ps. While the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the catalase (CAT) decreased, the lipid peroxidation increased in a dose-dependent manner. However, the total glutathione (tGSH) was not affected in this period. DNA damages were also determined in spermatozoa using Comet assay. According to DNA in tail (%) data, DNA damages have been detected with gradually increasing concentrations of Cr2O3-Ps. Furthermore, all of class types which are categorized as the intensity of DNA fragmentation has been observed between 50 and 500 µg/L concentrations of Cr2O3-Ps exposed to rainbow trout spermatozoa. At the end of this study, we determined that the effective concentrations (EC50) were 76.67 µg/L for VSL and 87.77 µg/L for VCL. Finally, these results about Cr2O3-Ps may say to be major risk concentrations over 70 µg/L for fish reproduction in aquatic environments.
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    Investigation of toxic effects of amorphous SiO2 nanoparticles on motility and oxidative stress markers in rainbow trout sperm cells
    (Springer, 2019) Özgür, Mustafa Erkan; Ulu, Ahmet; Özcan, İmren; Balcıoğlu, Sevgi; Ateş, Burhan; Köytepe, Süleyman
    In this study, we investigated the effects of SiO2 nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) (1, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L) for 24 h in vitro on the motility parameters and oxidative stress markers such as total glutathione (TGSH), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss sperm cells. Therefore, SiO2-NPs were synthesized with sol-gel reaction from tetraethoxy orthosilicate (TEOS). The prepared nanoparticle structures were characterized for chemical structure, morphology and thermal behavior employing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron micrograph, and thermal analysis (DTA/TGA/DSC) techniques. After exposure, there was statistically significant (p
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    Melatonin protects sperm cells of Capoeta trutta from toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles
    (Springer, 2020) Özgür, Mustafa Erkan; Ulu, Ahmet; Noma, Samir Abbas Ali; Özcan, İmren; Balcıoğlu, Sevgi; Ateş, Burhan; Köytepe, Süleyman
    In this study, it was aimed to determine the protective effects of melatonin (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mM) against 10 mg/L titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) on kinematic and oxidative indices in the sperm cells of Capoeta trutta. Therefore, TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized primarily within the scope of the study. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by structurally different techniques. Then, melatonin and TiO2 were applied to Capoeta trutta sperm cells by in vitro. According to our data, all doses of melatonin showed protective effects on all velocities of sperm cells such as the straight line velocity (VSL), the curvilinear velocity (VCL), and the angular path velocity (VAP) against TiO2-NPs, while 0.1 and 1 mM doses of melatonin improved the VSL value. Although TiO2-NPs increased total glutathione (tGSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) lipid peroxidation, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) compared to the control group, there were positive treatment effects for all doses of melatonin on antioxidant capacity of sperm cells. At the end of this research, it is suggested that over 0.1 mM dose of melatonin improves the velocity of sperm cells and it plays a protective role against the toxic effects of TiO2-NPs.
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    Synthesis and Characterization of Co-Doped SnO2 Samples
    (Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi, 2020) Ateş, Tankut; Kaygılı, Ömer; Bulut, Niyazi; Okur, Havva Esma; Keser, Serhat; Yahia, İ.S.; Köytepe, Süleyman; Seçkin, Turgay; Özcan, İmren; İnce, Turan
    The un-doped and Co-doped SnO2 samples having high crystallinity were successfully prepared. The effects of Co content on the structural, thermal and morphological properties of SnO2 were investigated. Changes in the crystallite size and unit cell parameters were detected with adding of Co. The phase composition did not alter with the addition of Co. Both X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared results confirmed the formation of the SnO2 structure for each sample. The thermal stability of the as-produced samples from room temperature to 900 °C was observed. The morphology was affected by Co content, and energy dispersive X-ray results verified the introduction of Co into the SnO2 structure.
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    The toxicity assessment of iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles on physical and biochemical quality of rainbow trout spermatozoon
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2018) Özgür, Mustafa Erkan; Ulu, Ahmet; Balcıoğlu, Sevgi; Özcan, İmren; Köytepe, Süleyman; Ateş, Burhan
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of different doses (50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/L) of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) at 4 degrees C for 24 h on the kinematics of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) spermatozoon. Firstly, Fe3O4 NPs were prepared at about 30 nm from Iron (III) chloride, Iron (II) chloride, and NH3 via a co-precipitation synthesis technique. Then, the prepared Fe3O4 NPs were characterized by different instrumental techniques for their chemical structure, purity, morphology, surface properties, and thermal behavior. The size, microstructure, and morphology of the prepared Fe3O4 NPs were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The thermal properties of the Fe3O4 NPs were determined with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis techniques. According to our results, there were statistically significant (p < 0.05) decreases in the velocities of spermatozoon after treatment with 400 mg/L Fe3O4 NPs. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were significant (p < 0.05) decrease after 100 mg/L in after exposure to Fe3O4 NPs in 24 h. As the doses of Fe3O4 NPs increases, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total glutathione (tGSH) significantly (p < 0.05) increased at doses of 400 and 800 mg/L.