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    DETERMINATION OF FEED QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME SILAGE MAIZE (Zea mays L.) HYBRIDS CULTIVATED IN EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN CONDITIONS
    (Soc Field Crop Sci, 2024) Kizilsimsek, Mustafa; Gunaydin, Tugba; Akbay, Fatma
    The research was carried out in Kahramanmaras Eastern Mediterranean Transition Zone Agricultural Research Institute (DAGTEM) in the main crop growing season of 2019 and 2020 in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications to determine the silage quality characteristics of 20 different silage maize hybrids (Macha, Ranger, Simon, AS160, Dracma, DS0224, DKC6442, Colonia, Inove, Antex, Everest, Torro, 73may81, Kilowaatt, Klips, PR31Y43, 30B74, DKC7240, C955, and Gladius) as main crop. The study showed that silage quality varied significantly for maize hybrids and the region's climatic conditions in different years. According to the two-year average results, the dry matter content (T 60 ), dry matter recovery, crude protein content, crude ash content, starch content, NDF content, ADF content, ADL content, pH value, and forage yield were between 28.43-32.59%, 90.11-97.69%, 6.01-7.44%, 4.93-7.52%, 18.88-27.04%, 44.28-54.69%, 23.8530.30%, 2.00-3.62%, 3.84-3.90, and 51343.5-79920.5 kg ha-1 , respectively, and C955, Everest, and PR31Y43 were the hybrids that potential silage nutritional value of them was prominent.
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    Effects of glucose spraying and lactic acid bacteria inoculation applied to high-moisture alfalfa during pre- and post-harvest periods on silage fermentation and feed quality
    (Peerj Inc, 2025) Akbay, Fatma
    Background The management of alfalfa silage in livestock production systems is crucial for achieving high-quality silage and optimal livestock production. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is known to be difficult to ensile due to its high buffering capacity (BC), low water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content, and low dry matter (DM) content. Therefore, using biological or chemical additives may be beneficial in improving the silage quality of alfalfa, particularly when it is harvested at relatively low DM content and high protein levels. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and glucose are commonly used as silage additives to enhance the ensiling process and improve fermentation quality. Methods This study aimed to estimate the effects of pre-harvest and post-harvest application of lactic acid bacteria inoculant (control, L. plantarum, and L. citerum) and glucose doses (0%, 3% and 6%) treatments on the chemical composition and fermentation profile of silage feed of alfalfa grown under field conditions in 2023. After 60 days of ensiling, silages were analyzed for fermentation and quality characteristics. Results Significant two-way and three-way interactions were observed among harvest, inoculant, and glucose dose for several parameters, including pH (T0, T60), dry matter ratio (DMT0, T60) content, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB T0) counts and acid detergent lignin (ADL) content. These interactions indicate that the effect of treatment varied depending on their combinations. The lowest initial pH(T0) was recorded in the pre-harvest combination L. plantarum with 0% glucose (p < 0.001). The silage pH(T60) value the lowest (4.91) was observed in 6% glucose combined with L. plantarum, while the highest pH was found in the control group with %0 glucose (p < 0.02). The highest initial DM(T0) content (25.78%) was achieved with the pre-harvest combination L. citerum + 3% glucose (p < 0.02). The highest silage DM (T60) content was noted with L. citerum (24.00%) and L. plantarum (23.20%) applied pre-harvest (p < 0.001). ADL content was recorded at its lowest value in the pre-harvest L. citerum with 3% glucose added (p < 0.03). The timing of harvest also had a significant effect on the quality parameters of silage (p < 0.001). Yeasts (T60) count and ADF content was lower in the pre-harvest treatments and crude protein content was higher in the pre-harvest (p < 0.01). Increasing glucose dose from 0% to 6% increased DM content, crude protein content and LAB count (p < 0.001). Conclusion The best results for low pH and improved fermentation stability were achieved with 6% glucose and L. plantarum applied 24 h before harvest, which is recommended for practical use under field conditions. To suppress the yeast population, 3% and 6% glucose contents of L. citerum pre-harvest can be used alternatively.
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    Fermentation and silage quality of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) grown with organic fertilise
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Akbay, Fatma; Kizilsimsek, Mustafa; Erol, Adem
    Sustainable agriculture includes environmentally conscious production practices such as the use of organic fertilisers, green fertilisers, effective water usage techniques, crop rotation systems, and biological control of pests, diseases, and weeds. Organic fertilisers increase crop yields and soil fertility without endangering environmental health. On the other side, ensiling depends on epiphytic microorganism flora, such as lactic acid bacteria, enterobacteria, mold, and yeast. The source of LAB is the epiphytic flora on plant material, and its main source is soil. Therefore, introducing fertilisers to the soil might modify the microflora of silage, thereby altering both the soil and sillage qualiity. A study was done for a period of two years, from 2020 to 2021, to evaluate organic fertilisers such as vermicompost, bovine dung, sheep manure, gyttja, and chicken manure with traditional systems. The results obtained for plant height, number of leaves, and fresh forage production demonstrated that chicken manure was similar to typical nitrogen application in terms of yield. Additionally, the effect of fertiliser on forage sorghum yield was different depending on plant cultivar. The findings indicated the beneficial application of chicken manure in sorghum cultivation, as it improved the production of sorghum plants relative to conventional nitrogen fertilisers.