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Öğe Automatic diagnosis of ureteral stone and degree of hydronephrosis with proposed convolutional neural network, RelieF, and gradient-weighted class activation mapping based deep hybrid model(Wiley, 2023) Bugday, Muhammet Serdar; Akcicek, Mehmet; Bingol, Harun; Yildirim, MuhammedUrinary system stone disease is a common disease group all over the world. Ureteral stones constitute 20% of all urinary system stones. Ureteral stones are important because they can cause hydronephrosis and related renal parenchymal damage in the kidneys. In the study, a hybrid model was developed to detect hydronephrosis and ureteral stones from kidney images. In the developed model, heat maps of the original images were obtained by using gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) technology. Then, feature maps were extracted from both the original and heatmap datasets using the Efficientnetb0 architecture. Extracted feature maps were concatenated using a multimodal fusion technique. In this way, different features of an image are obtained. This has a positive effect on the performance of the model. The Relief dimension reduction technique was used to eliminate unnecessary features in the obtained feature map so that the proposed model can work faster and more effectively. Finally, the optimized feature map is classified in the support vector machine (SVM) classifier. To compare the performance of the proposed hybrid model, results were obtained with 8 state-of-the-art models accepted in the literature. Among these models, the highest accuracy value was achieved in the Efficientnetb0 architecture with 67.98%, whereas the accuracy of the proposed hybrid model was 91.1%. This value indicates that the proposed model can be used for HUN diagnosis.Öğe Causes of acute abdomen, preferred imaging methods, and prognoses in geriatric patients presenting to the emergency department with abdominal pain(Assoc Medica Brasileira, 2022) Ilgar, Mehtap; Akcicek, Mehmet; Ekmekyapar, MuhammedOBJECTIVE: Abdominal pain is one of the most common reasons for admission to the emergency department in the geriatric population. The aim of this study was to investigate the diseases frequently detected in elderly patients diagnosed with acute abdomen in the emergency department, the imaging methods used in the diagnostic processes of these diseases, and the prognosis of the patients. METHODS: In all, 175 patients who visited the emergency department due to abdominal pain and were hospitalized with a diagnosis of acute abdomen were evaluated. The patients were categorized into seven groups according to their diagnosis as biliary diseases, pancreatitis, appendicitis, gastrointestinal system perforation, ileus, mesenteric ischemia, and atypical causes. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 76.3 +/- 7.7 years (range 65-93), and 96 (54.9%) were women. The most common causes of acute abdomen were biliary diseases and pancreatitis. Ultrasonography (88.6%) was the most frequently preferred imaging method in the emergency department, and it was most frequently used for biliary diseases. Notably, 20 (11.4%) patients were treated in the intensive care unit, and 9 (5.1%) patients died. CONCLUSION: The most common causes of acute abdomen in the geriatric population were biliary diseases and pancreatitis, and ultrasonography imaging was the most common choice for the diagnosis of these diseases. In elderly patients with abdominal pain, rapid and accurate diagnosis and selection of the correct imaging method are extremely important.Öğe Detection of Acromion Types in Shoulder Magnetic Resonance Image Examination with Developed Convolutional Neural Network and Textural-Based Content-Based Image Retrieval System(Mdpi, 2025) Akcicek, Mehmet; Karaduman, Muecahit; Petik, Bulent; Unlu, Serkan; Mutlu, Hursit Burak; Yildirim, MuhammedBackground: The morphological type of the acromion may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of various pathologies, such as shoulder impingement syndrome and rotator cuff disorders. Therefore, it is important to determine the acromion's morphological types accurately and quickly. In this study, it was aimed to detect the acromion shape, which is one of the etiological causes of chronic shoulder disorders that may cause a decrease in work capacity and quality of life, on shoulder MR images by developing a new model for image retrieval in Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) systems. Methods: Image retrieval was performed in CBIR systems using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures and textural-based methods as the basis. Feature maps of the images were extracted to measure image similarities in the developed CBIR system. For feature map extraction, feature extraction was performed with Histogram of Gradient (HOG), Local Binary Pattern (LBP), Darknet53, and Densenet201 architectures, and the Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR) feature selection method was used for feature selection. The feature maps obtained after the dimensionality reduction process were combined. The Euclidean distance and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) were used as similarity measurement methods. Image retrieval was performed using features obtained from CNN architectures and textural-based models to compare the performance of the proposed method. Results: The highest Average Precision (AP) value was reached in the PSNR similarity measurement method with 0.76 in the proposed model. Conclusions: The proposed model is promising for accurately and rapidly determining morphological types of the acromion, thus aiding in the diagnosis and understanding of chronic shoulder disorders.Öğe Detection of osteochondral lesion of talus in ankle magnetic resonance images with GradCAM-based hybrid CNN model(Springer, 2026) Akcicek, Mehmet; Bingol, Harun; Petik, Bulent; Unlu, Serkan; Yildirim, MuhammedBackgroundTreatment of osteochondral lesion of talus (OLT), one of the crucial pathologies that can cause pain in the ankle, is guided by the age of onset, severity, and stage of the symptoms. For these reasons, early screening and early intervention for OLT become important. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used for further evaluation. However, depending on the clinician's experience, the diagnostic accuracy of the same images varies between physicians. In this study, we tried to determine the presence or absence of OLT using an AI-based hybrid model.MethodsThis study applied Gradient-Weighted Class Activation Mapping (GradCAM), an image visualization technique, to OLT images. Features were extracted and combined from the original and GradCAM-applied images. Then, the most valuable features from this high-dimensional feature map were selected using the Neighborhood Component Analysis (NCA) dimension reduction method. In the last stage, the feature map with selected features was classified in the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) classifier.ResultsTo compare the performance of our proposed model, feature extraction was performed with six pre-trained models accepted in the literature. These features were classified into six different classifiers. As a result, the proposed model achieved the highest success rate of 98.60%. The proposed hybrid model for detecting talus osteochondral lesions in ankle magnetic resonance images has obtained successful results. Thanks to this computer-aided system, experts' workload will be reduced, and this system can be used in places without experts.Öğe Diagnostic Benefits and Surgical Implications of Methods for Tumor Localization in Sigmoid and Rectum Tumors(Mdpi, 2024) Gul, Mehmet Onur; Akcicek, Mehmet; Iflazoglu, Nidal; Corbaci, Kadir; Emir, Cuma Ali; Guzel, Mehmet; Parsak, Cem Kaan(1) Background: In our study, we aimed to determine the accuracy rates of imaging methods for sigmoid, rectosigmoid colon, and rectum cancer. (2) Methods: Patients with tumors located in the rectosigmoid colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum who were operated on were included. Upon admission, we examined the patients' first diagnostic colonoscopies and their preoperative repeat control colonoscopies and computed tomography (CT) report. (3) Results: In this study, 23 patients (57.5%) were male. The overall accuracy rates were 80.0% (32/40) in colonoscopy, 65.0% (26/40) in preoperative CT, and 87.5% (35/40) in retro CT, and the differences among the examination methods were statistically significant (p = 0.049). The sensitivity levels decreased to 50.0% for colonoscopy and preoperative CT and 75.0% for retro CT in rectosigmoid colon tumors. In rectal tumors, the sensitivity levels were 75.0% in colonoscopy, 60.0% in preoperative CT, and 80.0% in retro CT. In two patients, the tumor location was given incorrectly, and postoperative pathological evaluations indicated T3N0 tumors; the initially planned treatment was thus changed to include radiotherapy in addition to chemotherapy in the postoperative period because the tumor was located in the middle rectum. (4) Conclusions: Accuracy in tumor localization in sigmoid, rectosigmoid, and rectum tumors still needs to be improved, which could be accomplished with prospective studies. CT evaluations for cancer localization in this patient group should be re-evaluated by a radiologist.Öğe Evaluation of hepatic steatosis in obese children and adolescents using immune-inflammatory markers and shear wave elastography(Sciendo, 2025) Akcicek, Mehmet; Dag, NurullahAim To investigate the changes in liver stiffness and immune-inflammatory markers associated with obesity and the degree of hepatic steatosis in obese children and adolescents. Methods A total of 76 obese children and adolescents aged 6-18 years, with body mass index percentiles >95th, were included in the study. Patients with metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and chronic liver disease were excluded. A control group of 44 patients of healthy and normal-weight children was included. Laboratory values from the past month were analyzed using patient records. Shear wave elastography and ultrasound examinations were performed on a single device by the same experienced radiologist. Results The systemic immune-inflammation index and pan-immune inflammation values were significantly higher in obese patients with hepatic steatosis compared to obese patients without hepatic steatosis (p <0.001). Liver stiffness values were significantly higher in steatotic patients compared to nonsteatotic patients (p <0.001). A significant difference was observed between hepatic steatosis grades in terms of immune-inflammation index and pan-immune inflammation value values (p <0.001). There was a strong, positive, statistically significant correlation between liver stiffness and immune-inflammation index and pan-immune inflammation value (p <0.05). Conclusions Immune-inflammatory biomarkers and shear wave elastography may provide valuable insights into the diagnosis and follow-up of inflammation and fibrosis in the evaluation of hepatic steatosis in obese children and adolescents.Öğe Evaluation of the Efficacy of Prolotherapy in Patients With Lateral Epicondylitis Using Shear-Wave Elastography(Int Scientific Information, Inc, 2026) Boz, Mehmet; Akcicek, MehmetBackground: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of prolotherapy in patients diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis and to objectively assess changes in tendon elasticity using shear-wave elastography (SWE). Material/Methods: This was a prospective, single-center, observational clinical study. Thirty-six patients diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis were included. Each received 3 prolotherapy sessions at 3-week intervals. The elasticity and thickness of the common extensor tendon (CET) were evaluated using SWE both before and after treatment. Pain intensity was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The same orthopedic surgeon performed all prolotherapy injections, and the same radiologist performed all SWE evaluations. Data normality was assessed with the Shapiro-Wilk test. Normally distributed variables were analyzed using the t-test or Paired Sample t-test, while the Mann-Whitney U or Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests were used for non-normal data. Correlations were evaluated using Pearson's or Spearman's correlation coefficient, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Prolotherapy resulted in a significant increase in CET elasticity (kPa) and tendon thickness (P<0.01). Male patients exhibited greater tendon thickness and stiffness than female patients. Overall, SWE proved to be a reliable quantitative tool for tracking treatment response. Conclusions: Prolotherapy is an effective treatment for lateral epicondylitis, contributing to pain reduction and structural improvement of the tendon. SWE offers a non-invasive, reliable imaging technique for objectively tracking changes in tendon elasticity. The combination of these methods provides valuable clinical and structural insights into the management of lateral epicondylitis.Öğe Is acute appendicitis complicated or uncomplicated? Approaching the question via computed tomography(Sage Publications Ltd, 2023) Akcicek, Mehmet; Ilgar, Mehtap; Unlu, SerkanBackground The distinction between complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis is very important for the selection of the treatment method. Purpose To investigate the sensitivity and specificity of computed tomography (CT) in differentiating between complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis to demonstrate that false negativity in differentiating these cases can be reduced when CT findings are incorporated into the clinical evaluation of patients. Material and Methods All patients aged >= 18 years who underwent appendectomy at Malatya Training and Research Hospital in 2020 and 2021 were retrospectively screened. Of them, 283 patients were included in the study who had undergone CT before the operation. Patients with appendicitis were divided into two groups: complicated and uncomplicated, according to the results of their pathology tests. Demographic data, laboratory results, and CT images of the patients were evaluated. Results The patients with complicated appendicitis had a significantly higher mean age (P<0.001). The most common CT findings in patients with complicated appendicitis were moderate or severe peri-appendiceal fat stranding (PFS) and appendix wall enhancement defect (AWD). The findings with the highest sensitivity were PFS (77.9%) and AWD (69.4%). Although abscess, phlegmon, and peri-appendiceal air had the highest specificity (100%), these findings were the ones with the lowest sensitivity. According to the scoring system was developed for the differential diagnosis, CT had a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 79.2%. Conclusion Based on the sensitivity and specificity values measured for CT according to the findings of our study, the scoring system may be useful for the differential diagnosis of complicated appendicitis.Öğe Is anemia a risk factor in pneumonia progression in covid-19-infected patients?(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022) Akcicek, Mehmet; Ilgar, Mehtap; Unlu, SerkanBackground Determining the factors contributing to the development of severe coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) disease is of great importance for health guidance. In this study, the authors aimed to investigate whether there is a relationship between anemia and progression of COVID-19 pneumonia. Patients and methods Records of 201 patients whose RT-PCR positivity for COVID-19 was confirmed between August 2020 and October 2020, when admissions and hospitalizations were at their peak, were retrospectively reviewed. The scoring system based on visual evaluation was used for evaluating the severity of the disease on each computed tomography (CT). To determine the progression status of pneumonia, the score difference was calculated by the difference between two CT scores. The patients were divided into two groups according to their hemoglobin levels as anemic and nonanemic patients. Results A significant difference was reported between the CT score difference groups in terms of mean age (P < 0.001). The mean age of the group that did not show progression was significantly lower than the other groups. Although the mean hemoglobin level of the group that did not show progression was higher than the other groups, no significant difference was reported between the groups (P=0.768). There was no significant difference between the CT score difference groups in terms of the presence or absence of anemia (P=0.791). Conclusion No significant relationship was found between hemoglobin levels, anemia, and pneumonia progression in COVID-19-infected patients.Öğe Relationship Between Viral Load and Laboratory Values and Radiological Findings in Patients with COVID-19(Galenos Publ House, 2022) Altintop Geckil, Aysegul; Benk, Isilay Gokce; Aydin, Sukru; Akcicek, MehmetIntroduction: This study investigates the relationship between the viral load calculated from oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swabs at diagnosis and the laboratory parameters and radiological findings in patients with Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Materials and Methods: Sixty-seven patients who were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 via quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) from their oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swabs and admitted to Malatya Turgut Ozal University Hospital were included in the study. Demographic data, laboratory parameters, and the severity of thorax computed tomography findings were recorded. The relationship between the viral load and these data was compared. Results: The mean age of the patients was 63.4 +/- 9.8 years, mean body mass index (BMI) was 28.6 +/- 5.4 kg/m(2), and mean cycle threshold (Ct) values were 21.4 +/- 5.2 cycles. No correlation was found between Ct value and gender, age, and BMI. There was a significant relationship between radiological severity and Ct value, age, and gender. There was a significant correlation between the Ct value and C-reactive protein, leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, ferritin, albumin, and calcium levels. In contrast, no significant correlation was found between hemoglobin, hematocrit, thrombocyte, urea, creatinine, total protein, gamma glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, sodium, potassium, D-dimer, procalcitonin levels, and Ct value. Conclusion: The viral load amount shown by PCR during the early period predicts the condition of the patient's lung in the advanced immunological phase. The Ct value can be an independent factor for evaluating the patient's radiological and biochemical status.
