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Öğe Does silicon increase the tolerance of a sensitive pepper genotype to salt stress?(UNIV LIFE SCIENCES LUBLINAKADEMICKA 15, LUBLIN 20-950, POLAND, 2020) Altuntaş, Özlem; Daşgan, Hayriye Yıldız; Akhoundnejad, Yelderem; Kutsal, IKWe evaluated the growth performance, ion regulation, osmotic potential, and chlorophyll content of two pepper (Capsicum annuum) genotypes with different salinity tolerance levels (Karaisali is tolerant and Demre is sensitive to salinity) under saline conditions with the application of silicon (Si). Plants were grown in pots filled with vermiculite in control or saline conditions [150 mM sodium chloride (NaCl)] with or without 2 mM Si from potassium silicate for 60 days after sowing. Better growth effects due to Si application were observed in the sensitive pepper Demre than in Karaisali, particularly, the root and fruit growth were remarkably enhanced in Demre. Furthermore, Si application reduced sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) concentrations and increased potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) concentrations in the leaves and roots. The reduction in Na concentration in the leaves due to Si application was 9% and 2% in Demre and Karaisali, respectively. Under saline conditions, the increase in K concentration due to Si application in the leaves was 11% and 14% in Demre and Karaisali, respectively. In addition, Si application resulted in an increase in K/Na ratios in the leaves by 22% and 17% in Demre and Karaisali, respectively, in the presence of 150 mM NaCl. The increase in Ca concentration in the roots due to Si application was 55% in Demre compared with only 9% in Karaisali. The addition of NaCl decreased the chlorophyll concentration in both the genotypes, but Si application increased it. This increase in chlorophyll concentration was higher in Demre than in Karaisali. Si application allowed both the genotypes to maintain higher osmotic potentials than those in untreated plants. As a result, it may be claimed that under salt stress, Si application has a more alleviative effect on the susceptible pepper genotypes (Demre) than on the tolerant one (Karaisali). This information could be useful for the practical application of Si under saline conditions.Öğe Effects of mycorrhiza and silicon on the alleviation of salt damage in salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant pepper genotypes(Polish Society Magnesium Research, 2025) Altuntas, Ozlem; Dasgan, Hayriye Yildiz; Akhoundnejad, Yelderem; Kusvuran, Sebnem; Yanardag, Ibrahim HalilSalinity is a detrimental abiotic stress that occurs in arid and semi-arid environmental conditions. Salinity adversely affects the growth, yield, and quality of plants. Some plants are sensitive to salt stress, while others are more resistant owing to the tolerance mechanisms induced by physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of mycorrhizal colonization (Glomus clarum) and silicon (Si) under different salinity levels on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione oxidase (GPX) and lipid peroxidation (MDA), of salinity sensitive (cv. Demre) and tolerant (cv. Karaisali) pepper cultivars. Three diffe-rent salt doses (0 mM NaCl, 75 mM NaCl, 150 mM NaCl), with AM and 2 mM K2SiO3, were applied into 4-L vermiculite-containing pots with pepper plants. The antioxidant enzyme activities increased following the increasing salt doses. All antioxidant enzymes were observed to display differences in their activity in the two pepper genotypes that differed in salt sensitivity. Catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities were higher in the salt-sensitive pepper genotype. Si and mycorrhiza treatment improved the defense mechanisms in peppers, and attenuated the oxidative damage in cellular functional molecules caused by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under salt stress. Therefore, mycorrhiza and silicon applications, resulting in increased salt tolerance, can be used in areas with salinity problems.Öğe FARKLI ŞEKİLLERDEKİ POTASYUM SÜLFAT UYGULAMALARININ YÜKSEK SICAKLIK STRESİNDEKİ BİBERLERDE MEYVE VERİM VE KALİTESİNE ETKİLERİ(Anadolu Ziraat Mühendisleri Derneği, 2023) Ersoy, Lale; Akhoundnejad, Yelderem; Daşgan, Hayriye Yıldız; Temur, BakiÇalışma biberde yapraktan (%1, %2, %3) ve topraktan (5-10-20 kg da-1) farklı dozlarda uygulanan potasyum sülfat (K2SO4) gübresinin yüksek sıcaklık stresi altında verim ve kaliteye etkisi incelenmiştir. Deneme tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre kurulmuştur, her uygulama 3 tekerrürden oluşmuştur. Deneme sonucunda potasyum uygulamalarının kontrol ve stres parsellerinde önemli etki ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Potasyum uygulamalarının stres koşulları altında meyve tane ağırlığını, meyve boyu ve çapını, meyve eti kalınlığını arttırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle yapraktan uygulanan potasyum sülfat stres koşullarında; meyve sayısının, meyve tane ağırlığının, meyve hacminin ve meyve eti kalınlığının arttığı belirlenmiştir. Potasyum uygulamalarının kontrol ve stres parsellerindeki meyvelerin N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe konsanstrasyonlarını olumlu yönde etkilediği sonucuna varılmıştır.Öğe Silicon-induced salinity tolerance improves photosynthesis, leaf water status, membrane stability, and growth in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)(American Society for Horticultural Science, 2018) Altuntaş, Özlem; Daşgan, Hayriye Yıldız; Akhoundnejad, YelderemSalt stress is a major problem worldwide because it decreases yields of many important agricultural crops. Silicon is the second-most abundant element in soil and has numerous beneficial effects on plants, particularly in alleviating stress-related impacts. Pepper is an important crop in the Mediterranean region, but pepper varieties differ in their salinity tolerances. The objective of this research was to test the ability of silicon to mitigate effects of salt stress in both salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant cultivars. Salt damage was evaluated by measuring biomass, photosynthetic-related variables, leaf water potential, and membrane damage. We found that the addition of silicon solute to a growth medium was highly effective in improving plant growth by enhancing photosynthesis, stomatal conductance (g S ), leaf water status, and membrane stability, which in turn led to higher biomass production in salt-stressed pepper plants, especially in a salt-sensitive cultivar. From an agronomic viewpoint, application of Si may provide economically relevant productivity improvements for salt-sensitive pepper genotypes grown under moderate salinity conditions and for salt-tolerant genotype grown under higher-salinity conditions.
