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Öğe Determination of energy value and ash-sulfur content of clean fuel obtained from lignite carbonization at different heating rates(2021) Aksoğan Korkmaz, AydanCarbonization (low-temperature pyrolysis) is an economical and efficient method used to obtain solid products from lignite and improve calorific value. This research focused on the morphological and structural properties as well as the effect of pyrolysis heating rate on the solid product yield. Experiments were performed at 500°C, with a nitrogen gas flow of 200 mL/min, residence time of 60 min, and different heating rates (5, 10, 15, and 20°C/min). Proximate and ultimate analyses of the char products obtained from each experiment were performed. The changes in the char morphology and chemical structures were investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The effects of the different heating rates on the char structure were determined. The highest char yield (52.98%) and the highest C (49.45%) and the lowest S (2.51%) contents were determined in the char obtained from a heating rate of 15°C/min. The highest calorific value (5603 kcal/kg) was also calculated at this heating rate. These results showed that the chemical and physical properties of char at a heating rate of 15°C/min were better than those at other heating rates. As a result, a valuable solid fuel with high energy value could be obtained from low quality lignite.Öğe Determination of the effect of different gravity methods on the removal of ash and sulfur from Arguvan lignite(Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi, 2020) Aksoğan Korkmaz, Aydan; Bentli, İsmailThis study, it is aimed to find out the beneficiation of Malatya-Arguvan lignite by gravity methods. First of all, the washability of lignite has been investigated with sink-float experiments. It has been determined that lignite washability from washing curves is generally difficult but may be possible with controlled washing at a density of 1.68 g /cm3. Then, to remove ash and sulfur from lignite by shaking table, spiral and Falcon concentrator tests were conducted. Clean coals are obtained from all other methods except Falcon were found to decrease in ash and sulfur content and increase in calorific value. Clean coals with the lowest ash and sulfur content were obtained with a spiral concentrator. Reichert spiral results showed that the ash content decreased from the lignite of 37.77% to 26.50% and the sulfur content from 3.85% to 2.08%. The calorific value increased from 2576 kcal/kg to 4590 kcal/kg. Arguvan lignite has very limited usage due to its lower calorific value, high ash and sulfur content. Although enrichment has been carried out, it has been concluded that lignite needs to be further improved by using different methods.Öğe Falcon Konsantratör ile Ermenek Linyitinden Kül ve Kükürdün Uzaklaştırılması(Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, 2021) Aksoğan Korkmaz, AydanBir kömürün kalitesini belirleyen en önemli içeriği kül ve kükürttür. Bu bileşenler genellikle kömür içerisinde, ince taneler halinde dissemine şekilde bulunmaktadır. Dolayısıyla kömürlerden kül ve kükürdün uzaklaştırılması oldukça zordur. Falcon konsantratör, özellikle ultra ince kömürlerin yüksek merkezkaç kuvvetleri ile zenginleştirildiği yeni teknolojilerden biridir. Bu çalışmada, Konya Ermenek linyitinin Falcon Konsantratörü ile zenginleştirilme olanakları incelenmiştir. 1,5 l/dk besleme hızı sabit tutularak, -75+38 µm tane boyutlu linyite, farklı katı oranları (%20, %30, %40 ve %50) ve farklı merkezkeç kuvvetlerinde (20G, 100G, 176G ve 300G) testler uygulanmıştır. En iyi sonuçlar, %40-50 katı oranı ve 100G’den büyük merkezkaç kuvvetlerde elde edilmiştir.Öğe Farklı Linyitlerin Kısa Ve Elementel Analiz Verilerine Dayanarak Üst Isıl Değerlerinin Hesaplanması(Konya Tektik Üniversitesi, 2022) Aksoğan Korkmaz, AydanKatı bir yakıtın ısıl değeri, birim ağırlıktaki yakıtın tamamen yanması sonucu açığa çıkan ısı biriminin sayısıdır. Bir kömürün ısıl değeri, türüne ve organik yapısına karışmış olan yanmayan maddelerin miktarına bağlıdır. Isıl değer, kömür türü yanında, kömür kül ve nem oranı tarafından da belirlenmektedir. Kömürün üst ısıl değeri kalorimetre ile, kömürün bir kalorimetre bombası içinde, basınç altında oksijen ile sabit hacimde yakılması ve oluşan ısının ölçülmesi esasına dayanmaktadır. Literatürde, kısa ve elementel analizlere dayanarak, üst ısıl değer hesaplaması yapabilmek için çeşitli denklemler geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada 10 farklı linyit örneğinin ısıl değeri, hem deneysel olarak belirlenmiş hem de analiz verileri yardımıyla farklı denklemler kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Her bir kömür için, deneysel ve hesapla elde edilen üst ısıl değerler karşılaştırılmıştır. En iyi regresyon katsayısı değerleri (R2), kısa analiz ve elementel analiz modelleri için sırasıyla 0.7543 ve 0.5927 olarak belirlenmiştir. Modellerden elde edilen üst ısıl değerlerin, deneysel olarak hesaplananlarla uyum içinde olmadığı görülmüştür.Öğe Investigation of the improvement of Sivas-Kangal lignites liquefaction product yields(2021) Aksoğan Korkmaz, Aydan; Bentli, İsmailIn recent years, converting and using coal into the most suitable product according to its properties has emerged as a modern approach. Among the main processes applied to coal are low and high-temperature carbonization, gasification and liquefaction. In coal liquefaction, coal is broken down into free radicals using hydrogen donor solvent and catalyst under high temperature and pressure conditions. Later, these radicals can be used in the production of both liquid fuel and chemical raw materials by being saturated with hydrogen. This study aims to improve the yields of Sivas-Kangal lignite liquefaction products (char, preasphaltene, asphaltene, oil-gas). For this purpose, firstly raw coal, then spiral enriched clean coal liquefaction experiments were carried out. The chemical characterizations of the obtained products were determined by proximate and ultimate analysis. The composition of the oil was identified by GC-MS. As a result of the enrichment, the char yield decreased by 16.5% whereas the oil+gas yield increased by 14.64%. Total conversion increased from 31.74% to 48.24%. It has been concluded that the enrichment process has a positive effect on the liquefaction yields.Öğe Investigation of the liquefaction possibility of Ermenek lignite as an alternative clean energy source(Niyazi BULUT, 2021) Aksoğan Korkmaz, AydanCoal liquefaction; can be defined as the transformation of coal into products that have a high energy density, can be easily stored and transported and do not create environmental pollution, to meet both fuel and chemical raw material requirements. This study was carried out to determine the yields of the products formed as a result of the liquefaction of Konya-Ermenek lignite in the N2 atmosphere and under non-catalytic conditions. Proximate and ultimate analysis of the obtained solid and liquid products was made. The composition of the oil product was determined by GC-MS. As a result of liquefaction, the char yield was 71.37%, the preasphaltene yield was 12.24%, the asphaltene yield was 2.23% and the oil + gas yield was 14.16%. It was determined that the higher heating value of 4199 kcal/kg in raw lignite is twice as high in liquefaction products. It was determined that the sulfur content of 3.94% in raw lignite decreased to 1.54%, 0.85% and 0.44% in char, preasphaltene and oil, respectively.Öğe Kenevir Atıklarının Karbonizasyonu ve Aktif Karbon Eldesi(Konya Teknik Üniversitesi, 2022) Aksoğan Korkmaz, Aydan; Önal, YunusBu araştırmada; bilimsel çalışmalarda kullanılmak üzere Malatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi bünyesinde yetiştirilen kenevir bitkisinin atık kısımları (kök, gövde ve diğer) değerlendirilmiştir. Kenevir atıklarından karbonizasyon ile kimyasal aktivasyon yöntemi kullanılarak aktif karbon elde edilmiş ve karakterizasyon deneyleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen aktif karbonların karakterizasyonunu belirlemek için elementel (C, H, N, S) analiz, XRD, FTIR ve SEM analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca, aktif karbonların BET azot adsorpsiyonu yüzey alanı ölçümü ile yüzey alanı ve gözenekliliği belirlenmiştir. Karbonize edilmiş kenevir atığında toplam yüzey alanı (Stotal) 171,75 m2/g, mikrogözenek alanı (Smikro) 145,46 m2/g ve mezogözenek alanı (Smezo) 26,29 m2/g iken bu değerler 1:4 oranında KOH emdirilmiş aktif karbonda sırasıyla 1881,80 m2/g, 1152,40 m2/g ve 728,40 m2/g olarak hesaplanmıştır. Karbonize üründe 0,077 cm3/g olan gözenek hacmi, aktif karbonda 0,8852 cm3/g olarak belirlenmiştir. Karbonize ürün ve aktif karbonun ortalama gözenek çapları (dp) sırasıyla 1,78 nm ve 1,88 nm olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre, kenevir atıklarının karbonizasyonu ve kimyasal aktivasyonuyla ekonomik olarak aktif karbon elde edilmesinin mümkün olabileceği belirlenmiştir.Öğe Modeling of the effect of falcon concentrator parameters on lignite deashing with Taguchi orthogonal design(Taylor & Francis, 2021) Aksoğan Korkmaz, AydanIn this study, the deashing of Sivas-Kangal (Turkey) lignite was carried out under different conditions. Solids ratio (20%, 30%, 40% and 50% by weight), centrifugal force (20, 100, 176 and 300 G), feed rate (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 L/min) and particle size (?300, ?212, ?150 and ?75 µm) were selected as experimental parameters. Taguchi experimental design was used to optimize Falcon parameters. The orthogonal array design plan was determined as L16 according to the available variables. Since the study aims to obtain clean coal, ash contents (AC) from the results are taken into consideration. And signal/noise (S/N) ratios of each test condition were calculated. As a result of the Falcon tests performed under the optimization conditions for Taguchi, it was determined that the S/N ratio was 27.38 and the AC was 13.68% (expected AC 13.43%). The minimum ash content was achieved using the optimized conditions were: solids ratio of 30%, centrifugal force 100 G, feed rate 2 L/min and particle size ?75 µm. As a result of Falcon experiments with Taguchi design, AC decreased from 43.66% in raw coal to 13.68% in clean coal.Öğe Optimization of Smokeless Fuel Production from Lignite by Taguchi Orthogonal Design(2021) Aksoğan Korkmaz, AydanIn this study, the pyrolysis of Konya Ermenek lignite was carried out under different conditions in N2 gas flow.Temperature (400, 500, 600 and 700°C), heating rate (5, 10, 15 and 20°C/min), flow rates of gas (100, 150, 200 and 250 cc/min) and residence time (45, 60, 75 and 90 min) were selected as experimental parameters. Taguchi experimental design was used to optimize pyrolysis parameters.The orthogonal array design plan was determined as L16 according to the available variables. Since the study aims to obtain smokeless fuel, char (solid) yields (CY) from the results are taken into consideration. And signal/noise (S/N) ratios of each test condition were calculated. As a result of the experiments, it was seen that the maximum CY and S/N ratio was obtained in Test No 1. As a result of the pyrolysis tests performed under the optimization conditions, it was determined that the S/N ratio was 35.21 and the CY was 57.63%. In addition, variance analysis (ANOVA) was applied to the test results and the percentage contributions of each factor for the char yields were determined. The maximum char yield was achieved using the optimized conditions were: pyrolysis temperature of 400°C, residence time 75 min, heating rate 20°C/min and flow rate of N2 100 cc/min.Öğe A study on the investıgation of improvement in coal liquefaction product efficiency(Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi, 2019) Aksoğan Korkmaz, Aydan; Bentli, İsmailThe aim of this study is to improve the yields of Malatya-Arguvan lignite liquefaction products (char, preasphaltene, asphaltene, oil-gas). For this purpose, the liquefaction experiments of coal which was firstly raw and then enriched by spiral have been carried out. The chemical characterizations of the obtained products have been determined by proximate and ultimate analysis. The composition of the oil was identified by GC-MS. As a result of the enrichment, the char yield decreased by 9.28% whereas the preasphaltene yield increased by 5.31% and the oil + gas yield increased by 4.18%. Total conversion increased from 47.57% to 56.85%. It has been concluded that the enrichment process has a positive effect on the liquefaction yields.Öğe Utilization of Lignite and Waste Biomass As a Clean Energy Source by Carbonization(2021) Aksoğan Korkmaz, AydanCarbonization is the general name of the process of producing gas, liquid and solid products, especially from fossil fuels such as coal, by heating in an oxygen-free environment. Carbonization is one of the most important transformation processes to obtain high-quality solid (char), gas and liquid products. Fossil-based resources such as coal, petroleum and natural gas are not suitable for long-term use, as they are both limited and harm the environment. Therefore, for energy continuity, it is necessary to benefit from renewable energy sources such as biomass along with fossil fuels. By burning the char obtained from the carbonization of coal and biomass, it is possible to reduce the contents such as SO2 and NOx that pollute the atmosphere. In this study, carbonization experiments of lignite and pistachio shell at different mixing ratios and temperatures was carried out. The higher heating values and C, H, N, S contents of the chars obtained from each experiment were determined. With the increasing temperature and biomass ratio, positive changes have been observed in the obtained clean fuel.
