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    Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Biochar on Cotton Plants: A Comprehensive Study
    (Springer Int Publ Ag, 2025) Ramazanoglu, Emrah; Yanardag, Ibrahim Halil; Sakin, Erdal; Beyyavas, Vedat; Cevheri, Cevher Ilhan; Cun, Suat; Yanardag, Asuman Buyukkilic
    This study aims to investigate the effects of the combined treatment of biochar (BC) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on cotton plants, focusing on morphological and physiological characteristics, nutrient content, and soil enzyme activities. The study examined the effects of different biochar doses in mycorrhiza-inoculated (M +) and non-inoculated (M -) treatments (0% BC + 200 kg N ha(-1), 1.5% BC + 200 kg N ha(-1), 3% BC + 200 kg N ha(-1)). The results showed that the highest SPAD value (34.66%) was observed in the M( +) + 3.0% BC treatments. NDVI values increased by 25.29% in M( +) + 3.0% BC treatments. M( +) treatment increased the N, NO3-, and soil enzyme activity was higher in the M( +) treatment. However, enzyme activity decreased as BC dose increased in both M( +) and M( -) treatments, with the most significant decrease observed in the 3.0% BC treatments. Nitrate reductase enzyme activity (NRA) decreased in all treatments except the 3.0% biochar treatment. M( +) treatment increased soil urease content by 27.24% compared to the M( -) treatment. Additionally, plant height, root length, nodule count, and spore number increased with increasing biochar doses, with the highest increase observed in the M( +) + 3.0% BC treatments. Positive correlations were found between SPAD, NDVI, and nutrients such as Fe, Cu, Mn, and root attributes. Negative correlations were observed with Mg and CAT enzyme activity. Urease, DHG, and CAT enzyme activities decreased significantly with increasing BC doses, particularly in M( +) treatments. Biochar and AMF co-treatment enhanced growth, root parameters, spore count, NDVI, SPAD, and soil and plant enzyme activities in cotton plants. The combined treatment of biochar and AMF is beneficial for cotton production. The findings of this research have significant potential implications for sustainable cotton production and soil management practices, particularly in optimizing mycorrhiza and biochar to enhance soil fertility, improve water retention, and reduce the need for chemical fertilizers.
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    Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Biochar on Cotton Plants: A Comprehensive Study (apr,10.1007/s42729-025-02350-x,2025)
    (Springer Int Publ Ag, 2025) Ramazanoglu, Emrah; Yanardag, Ibrahim Halil; Sakin, Erdal; Beyyavas, Vedat; Cevheri, Cevher Ilhan; Cun, Suat; Yanardag, Asuman Buyukkilic
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Growth and Biomass Responses of Cotton to Nitrogen and Molybdenum Applied via Seed, Foliar, and Soil Pathways
    (Springer Int Publ Ag, 2026) Cun, Suat; Firat, Zemzem; Sakin, Erdal; Yanardag, Ibrahim Halil; Beyyavas, Vedat; Cevheri, Cevher Ilhan; Yildirim, Hakan
    This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different molybdenum (Mo) doses and nitrogen (N) levels, applied using various application methods, on the physiological, morphological, and biochemical responses of cotton plants, as well as on soil biochemical properties. Mo (25 and 50 & micro;g kg(-)& sup1;) was applied as seed coating, foliar spraying, and soil drenching, and each Mo dose was combined with two N levels (15 and 30 kg ha(-)& sup1;). Plant growth parameters, stomatal conductance, SPAD values, leaf N content, and biomass were measured. Soil pH, EC, and enzyme activities (catalase, urease, and dehydrogenase) were also analyzed. Combined N-Mo applications significantly improved plant height, root length, leaf area, SPAD values, leaf N content, and both shoot and root biomass. Stomatal conductance decreased, thereby improving water use efficiency. Soil pH decreased while EC increased in all treatments compared to the control. Soil enzyme activities increased markedly across all Mo-N treatments, reflecting enhanced soil biochemical functioning. The Mo-N interaction positively influenced cotton physiology by enhancing photosynthetic performance, root development, nitrogen assimilation, and enzymatic antioxidant activity. Mo applications combined with appropriate N levels improved plant performance and offer a promising strategy for strengthening cotton productivity under diverse soil conditions.