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    GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ZEOLITESAND AND BENTONITE-SAND MIXTURES
    (Univ Maribor, 2022) Yildiz, Ozgur; Ceylan, Cigdem
    This paper presents the characterization of pure bentoniteand zeolite-type clays and of various contents mixed with sand. The engineering properties of zeolites, bentonites and sand, which are commonly found in Malatya, Turkey, were evaluated in terms of their suitability for geotechnical applications. The crystallinity and structure of solid specimens of bentonite and zeolite were analysed with X-ray diffraction. Then both soils were mixed with sand in various proportions and the enhancement of the engineering properties was investigated. The properties of the mixtures, such as specific gravity, optimum water content, and dry unit weight mixtures, were initially determined. A set of direct shear tests was carried out to determine the shearstrength parameters of the specimens. As a result of extensive laboratory tests, linear correlations were observed between the water content and the consistency limits with the bentonite and zeolite contents in the sand mixtures. The highest for among each sample tested was achieved with the addition of 50 % bentonite and zeolite (i.e., BS50 and ZS50) as 44 and 38 kPa, respectively. A literature survey was carried out to reveal the test results of similar studies. In addition, using the test results from these literature studies and the current study, an NN-based prediction model was developed. Th e forecast models developed separately for cohesion and internal friction angle had high correlation coefficients: R2 equal to 0.84 for cohesion and R2 equal to 0.78 for the friction angle.
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    Stabilization of Zeolite and Bentonite with Sewage Sludge Ash
    (Budapest Univ Technology Economics, 2023) Yildiz, Ozgur; Ceylan, Cigdem
    In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the wastewater sludge supplied locally at 100 tons/day in the investigation area. In this context, the geotechnical properties of bentonite, zeolite-type clays and sands, which are common in the investigation area, were determined by mixing with sewage sludge ash (SSA) in specified ratios. Grain size distribution and specific gravity of pure materials and mixtures were determined. Direct shear tests, permeability tests, consistency limits tests, modified proctor tests and PH determination tests were performed with the mixtures. Soils were mixed with 0.5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 percent SSA in order to determine the physical, chemical and mechanical properties. Mixtures of sand with 40% bentonite (i.e., BS40) and sand with 40% zeolite (i.e., ZS40) were used as host materials for SSA inclusion. As a result of extensive laboratory studies, it was observed that the engineering properties of the specimens changed significantly as a result of the 7.5% and 12.5% mixture of SSA. BS40/SSA7.5 and ZS40/SSA12.5 samples from the mixtures reached 83 kPa and 80 kPa maximum shear strength under 200 kPa normal pressure. The maximum unit weight of specimens was achieved by BS40/S5 and ZS40/S5 specimens as 1.72 and 1.82 g/cm3, respectively. With the addition of SSA, the hydraulic permeability of the mixtures decreased to an order of 10E-8 (cm/s) for BS40/SSA12.5 and ZS40/12.5 specimens. Experimental studies have provided significant engineering and environmental benefit in the evaluation of sewage sludge ash, which is inevitable in residential areas.