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    Electromagnetic Pollution: Effects of High-Voltage Power Lines on Soil Health and Microbial Activity
    (Springer Int Publ Ag, 2025) Baydilli, Eda Nur; Yanardag, Asuman Buyukkilic; Sakin, Erdal; Yanardag, Ibrahim Halil; Dilekoglu, Mehmet Fatih
    Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) emitted by high-voltage power lines (HVLs) are an emerging environmental concern with largely underexplored implications for soil microbial functioning and biochemical integrity. This study investigates the chronic effects of non-ionizing EMFs (50-60 Hz) on soil health in a semi-arid agroecosystem of southeastern T & uuml;rkiye, focusing on microbial biomass (Cmic, N), soluble nutrient pools (Csoluble, Nsoluble, NO3-, NH4+), enzymatic activities (catalase, dehydrogenase, urease), and microbial metabolic efficiency (qCO(2)). Soil samples collected at 0 m (IR) and 300 m (control) from HVLs revealed significant alterations in microbial and enzymatic indicators. Cmic decreased by 21.8%, CAT and DHG activities dropped by 25.3% and 8.6%, respectively, while qCO(2) increased by 29.4%, indicating metabolic stress. Mechanistically, these changes are attributed to EMF-induced oxidative stress and electromechanical disruption of microbial membranes, leading to impaired enzyme function and carbon-use efficiency. Despite a slight increase in microbial N and urease activity, the overall decline in microbial resilience suggests cumulative physiological damage. These results highlight the vulnerability of soil ecosystems to electromagnetic pollution and underscore the need for long-term monitoring and mitigation strategies, such as biochar application, to safeguard soil fertility and ecosystem sustainability in HVL-exposed landscapes.
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    Unseen threat: The devastating impact of microplastics on soil health in agricultural lands
    (Elsevier, 2025) Sakin, Erdal; Dilekoglu, Mehmet Fatih; Yanardag, Ibrahim Halil
    Microplastic pollution, originating from synthetic polymer materials, is a growing environmental threat with substantial implications for soil health and ecosystem functionality. This study investigates the accumulation and impacts of microplastics from plastic greenhouse covers on agricultural soils. Soil samples were collected from five greenhouses established 10 to 30 years ago, at a depth of 0-30 cm, to evaluate microplastic contamination levels and their impact on soil parameters. Microplastics were extracted using density separation with a saturated NaCl solution, followed by microscopic analysis for quantification. Enzyme activities, including beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucoaminidase, urease, dehydrogenase (DHG), and catalase, were measured using spectrophotometric and colorimetric assays. Microplastic concentrations ranged from 47 to 315 particles per 5 g of soil, with a progressive increase in concentration linked to the age of the greenhouses. Results revealed significant alterations in soil pH, which ranged from 7.58 to 8.04, and electrical conductivity (EC), varying between 192 and 616 mu S cm(-1). Organic carbon (0.68-0.59 %) and total nitrogen (0.07-0.03 %) contents decreased in soils with increasing microplastic concentrations, while microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and nitrogen (Nmic) decreased by 43.75 % and 46.59 %, respectively. Enzyme activities such as beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, and beta-glucosaminidase declined by up to 51.17 %, 30.90 %, and 28.31 %, respectively. Additionally, soil respiration (CO2-C emissions) increased by 73.91 % (0.19 to 0.33 mg CO2-C kg(-1) soil h(-1)), and the metabolic quotient (qCO(2)) rose by 239.82 % (1.41 to 4.82 mg CO2-C g(-1) Cmic h(-1)). Regression analyses demonstrate strong correlations between microplastic concentrations and soil property changes, with a one-unit increase in microplastic concentration leading to significant decreases in enzyme activities (p < 0.05). Additionally, long-term microplastic accumulation altered soil structure, increasing porosity and aggregate instability, which compounded the reduction in enzyme activities. These findings underscore the profound negative effects of microplastic pollution on soil ecosystems, emphasizing the urgent need for sustainable agricultural practices and effective waste management strategies to mitigate microplastic contamination and its detrimental impact on soil health and functionality.