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    A Thirty-Minute Nap Enhances Performance in Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Tests during and after Ramadan Observance
    (Mdpi, 2022) Yagin, Fatma Hilal; Eken, Ozgur; Bayer, Ramazan; Salcman, Vaclav; Gabrys, Tomasz; Koc, Hurmuz; Eken, Ismihan
    The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a 30 min nap (N30) on the Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) both during and after Ramadan. Ten physically active kickboxers (age: 21.20 +/- 1.61 years, height: 174.80 +/- 4.34 cm, body mass: 73.30 +/- 7.10 kg and body mass index (BMI): 24.00 +/- 2.21 kg/m(2)) voluntarily performed the RAST test after an N30 and in a no-nap condition (NN) during two experimental periods: the last ten days of Ramadan (DR) and similar to 3 weeks after Ramadan (AR). During each DR-NN, DR-N30, AR-NN and AR-N30 protocol, kickboxers performed RAST performance. A statistically significant difference was found between Ramadan periods (DR vs. AR) in terms of max power (W) (F = 80.93; p(1) < 0.001; eta(2)(p) = 0.89), minimum power (W) (F = 49.05; p(1) < 0.001; eta(2)(p) = 0.84), average power (W) (F = 83.79; p(1) < 0.001; eta(2)(p) = 0.90) and fatigue index (%) results (F = 11.25; p(1) = 0.008; eta(2)(p) = 0.55). In addition, the nap factor was statistically significant in terms of the max power (W) (F = 81.89; p(2) < 0.001; eta(2)(p) = 0.90), minimum power (W) (F = 80.37; p(2) < 0.001; eta(2)(p) = 0.89), average power (W) (F = 108.41; p(2) < 0.001; eta(2)(p) = 0.92) and fatigue index (%) results (F = 16.14; p(2) = 0.003; eta(2)(p) = 0.64). Taking a daytime nap benefits subsequent performance in RAST. The benefits of napping were greater after an N30 opportunity for DR and AR.
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    Comparison of echocardiographic parameters of amputee football players with active football players and sedentary individuals
    (Bmc, 2023) Kurtoglu, Ahmet; Kurtoglu, Ertugrul; Konar, Nurettin; Car, Bekir; Eken, Ozgur; Prieto-Gonzalez, Pablo; Nobari, Hadi
    BackgroundThe purpose of this study is to compare the echocardiographic (ECHO) parameters of amputee football players (AF) with those of athletes without a disability (football players) (FP), and sedentary individuals (SI).MethodsA total of 37 male participants (nAF = 12, nFP = 12, nSI = 13) were included in the study. All participants underwent a transthoracic echocardiographic examination. Aortic diameter in systole (ADs), aortic diameter in diastole (ADd), isovolumic contraction time (IVCT), isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), early (E) and late (A) wave velocities, myocardial systolic (S), early diastolic (E'), and late diastolic (A') myocardial rates, interventricular septal thickness (IVS), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDd) and left ventricular end-systole diameter (LVDs), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWd), left atrial diameter (LAD), and ascending aortic diameter (AAD) were measured.ResultsLVDd, E' were lower in AF than in FP. In contrast, LVDs, LVPWd, and A wave were higher in AF than in FP. When AF and SI groups were compared, ADs, LVPWd, A wave, IVRT, and S wave were higher in AF than in SI. ANOVA test showed a statistically significant difference between groups in LVPWd, A-wave, and E' wave. TTE data indicate that some parameters in AF differ from those observed in healthy individuals. The smaller LVEED diameter and higher PWT were found in AF.ConclusionsAlthough within normal limits, some ECHO parameters in the AF group differed from those without disability. Future studies should further investigate these differences using different and detailed measurement methods.
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    Effects of Swedish Massage at Different Times of the Day on Dynamic and Static Balance in Taekwondo Athletes
    (Mdpi, 2024) Bayrakdaroglu, Serdar; Eken, Ozgur; Bayer, Ramazan; Yagin, Fatma Hilal; Kizilet, Tuba; Kayhan, Recep Fatih; Ardigo, Luca Paolo
    The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of different durations of Swedish massage on the static and dynamic balance at different times of the day in taekwondo athletes. Twelve taekwondo athletes who had been practicing on a regular basis for more than 5 years participated in this study. Taekwondo athletes completed static and dynamic balance tests either after a no-massage protocol (NMP), a five-minute massage protocol (5MMP), a ten-minute massage protocol (10MMP), or a fifteen-minute massage protocol (15MMP) two times a day in the morning (08:00-12:00) and in the evening (16:00-20:00), on non-consecutive days. The findings of this study suggest that the duration of the massage has a discernible impact on dynamic balance, particularly with regard to the right foot. Taekwondo athletes who received a 10MMP or 15MMP displayed significantly improved dynamic balance compared to those in the NMP. Importantly, these improvements were independent of the time of day when the massages were administered. It underscores the potential benefits of incorporating short-duration Swedish massages into taekwondo athletes' pre-competition routines to enhance dynamic balance. These findings highlight the potential benefits of incorporating short-duration Swedish massages into taekwondo athletes' pre-competition routines to enhance dynamic balance, a critical component of their performance, regardless of the time of day.
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    The acute effect of different massage durations on squat jump, countermovement jump and flexibility performance in muay thai athletes
    (Iermakov S S, 2021) Bayer, Ramazan; Eken, Ozgur
    Background and Study Aim Muay thai is a combat sport in which the competitors kick, punch, knee, elbow and growl with their opponents. The strength of the leg muscles can increase the intensity of the kick and its flexibility is a well-known issue for this sport. Determining the most appropriate method for these issues provides important gains to the athletes. One of the methods applied to achieve these gains is acute massage applications. The aim of the study is to evaluate the acute effect of different massage times on squat jump, countermovement jump and flexibility performance. Material and Methods Twelve healthy male muay thai athletes (age, 19.83 +/- 1.46 years; height, 175.33 +/- 7.91 cm; body mass, 65.16 +/- 13.36 kg) participated in the study, who exercised three times a week. The study consists of a single group. The study consists of 4 different massage duration protocols. These protocols consist of no massage (NM), five minutes massage (5MMSG), ten minutes massage (10MMSG) and fifteen minutes massage (15MMSG). Counter movement jump, squat jump, sitting and lying flexibility were measured after each massage period, respectively. All protocols were continued on consecutive days. Results There was a significant main effect for flexibility (F = 10,872 ; p = 0.00), countermovement jump (F = 4.719 p=.008) and squat jump (F = 6.262 p=.002) performance. The best flexibility, countermovement jump and squat jump performance detected immediately after 5MMSG was respectively 35,16 +/- 6,33; 37,17 +/- 4,18 and next, 36,05 +/- 4,68. Conclusions As a result, it is recommended that different massage durations are effective in improving physical performance, and 5MMSG before competition is recommended for athletes and coaches to get more performance.
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    The Effect of Training Experience on Cardiac Morphology in Resistance Exercise Practitioners: A Study on Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Parameters and Left Atrium Mechanical Functions
    (Mdpi, 2024) Kurtoglu, Ahmet; Kurtoglu, Ertugrul; Car, Bekir; Eken, Ozgur; Muracki, Jaroslaw; Setiawan, Edi; Elkholi, Safaa M.
    Background and Objectives: Resistance exercises (REs) are a type of physical activity that individuals from many age groups have been doing recreationally, both as amateurs and professionally, in their daily lives in recent years. It is crucial to understand the effects of such sports on cardiac morphology in order to maximize the benefit of training and to tailor the training content accordingly. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between training experience (TE) and left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic parameters and left atrial (LA) mechanical function in healthy subjects who regularly performed RE for different durations. Materials and Methods: Forty-five healthy adults [age = 28.91 +/- 10.30 years, height = 178.37 +/- 5.49 cm, weight = 83.15 +/- 13.91 kg, body mass index = 26.03 +/- 3.42 kg/m(2), TE = 7.28 +/- 6.49 years] who performed RE between 1 year and 20 years were included in our study. The transthoracic echocardiograms (ECHOs) of the participants were evaluated by the cross-sectional research method, which is often used to understand the current situation in a given time period. Correlations between TE and LV systolic and diastolic parameters and LA mechanical function were analyzed. Results: As a result, interventricular septal thickness (IVS; r = 0.33, p = 0.028), the aortic diameter systole (ADs; r = 0.56, p < 0.001), and aortic diameter diastole (ADd; r = 0.58, p < 0.001) were positively correlated with TE, indicating associations with increased left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and reduced ventricular compliance, while the aortic strain (AS; r = -0.44, p = 0.002), aortic distensibility (AD; r = -0.62, p < 0.001), and diastolic flow parameters including E (r = -0.41, p = 0.005), E/A (r = -0.38, p = 0.011), and E/Em (r = -0.31, p = 0.041) were negatively correlated with TE, reflecting impairments in diastolic function. Conclusions: This study showed that diastolic parameters were adversely affected in chronic RE. Therefore, we think that these individuals may have decreased relaxation and filling functions of the heart, which may also reduce adequate oxygen and nutrient delivery to the tissues. In this context, cohort studies are needed to analyze in detail the reasons for the decrease in diastolic parameters in these individuals.
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    The efficacy of Air Alert plyometric training program on enhancing biomotor skills in adolescent basketball players
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2025) Yalcin, Onur; Acak, Mahmut; Kurtoglu, Ahmet; Eken, Ozgur; Bayer, Ramazan; Aldhahi, Monira I.
    Background:Basketball is an important sport that utilizes a variety of biomotor skills. Diverse training programs are employed to enhance the biomotor attributes and elevate the performance levels of basketball players. Plyometric training (PT) is frequently used to improve athlete performance. However, different models of PT can yield varying effects on athletic performance.Methods:This study aimed to determine the impact of a PT program named Air Alert on athletes' biomotor skills. Twenty-four basketball players aged 15 to 16 years voluntarily participated in the study. The participants were randomly assigned to 2 groups: the Air Alert plyometric training group (AIR) (n = 12) and the plyometric training group (n = 12). The AIR was trained 3 days a week, while the plyometric training group was trained 2 days a week for 15 weeks. Pre- and posttest measurements of height (cm), body weight (kg), vertical jump, line agility, 20 m sprint, Illinois agility, repeated sprint, and flamingo balance tests were performed for all participants.Results:There were no significant differences in height (cm) (F = 1.035, P = .320, eta p2 = .045), weight (F = 1.735, P = .201, eta p2 = .073), and BMI measurements (F = 1.376, P = .253, eta p2 = .059) within and between groups. However, significant differences were observed between the groups in vertical jump (F = 14.343, P = .001, eta p2 = .395), line agility (F = 75.366, P = .000, eta p2 = .774), 20 m sprint (F = 93.001, P = .000, eta p2 = .809), balance (F = 59.513, P = .000, eta p2 = .730), Illinois agility test (F = 143.243, P = .000, eta p2 = .867), and repeated sprint test (F = 140.986, P = .000, eta p2 = .865).Conclusion:The results of this study indicate that the AIR program is more effective in enhancing the biomotor skills of basketball players than other plyometric training programs. Based on these results, it is recommended that coaches who aim to develop training strategies to enhance athletic performance should consider incorporating an Air Alert program.