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    ADAMTS1, ADAMTS5, ADAMTS9 and aggrecanase-generated proteoglycan fragments are induced following spinal cord injury in mouse
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2013) Demircan, Kadir; Yonezawa, Tomoko; Takigawa, Tomoyuki; Topcu, Vehap; Erdogan, Serpil; Ucar, Fatma; Armutcu, Ferah
    ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) proteinases are involved in a variety of biological processes such as angiogenesis, cancer and arthritis. ADAMTSs appears to be responsible for the cleavage of proteoglycans in several tissues including brain and cartilage. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) maintains the integrity of the brain extracellular matrix and major inhibitory contributors for glial scar and neural plasticity. The activity of aggrecanases in the central nervous system (CNS)has been reported. ADAMTSs are an enzyme degrading CSPGs in the brain. However, there is a little knowledge regarding ADAMTSs in the CNS. We investigated the expression levels of ADAMTSs mRNAs by RT-PCR after spinal cord injury in mouse. Transcripts encoding 4 of the 19 known ADAMTSs were evaluated in the mouse spinal cord following injury. ADAMTS1, -5 and -9 expression levels were found to be upregulated. No change was observed in ADAMTS4 expression. By means of immunohistochemistry, ADAMTSs were detected in the astrocytes implying its cellular source in SCI. Western blot analyses indicated that aggrecanase-generated proteoglycan fragments are produced after SCI. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Markers in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
    (Elsevier Academic Press Inc, 2013) Armutcu, Ferah; Akyol, Sumeyya; Ucar, Fatma; Erdogan, Serpil; Akyol, Omer
    Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common liver disorder worldwide, encompasses a spectrum of abnormal liver histology ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. Population studies show that NAFLD is strongly associated with insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and lipid abnormalities. In the context of hepatic steatosis, factors that promote cell injury, inflammation, and fibrosis include oxidative stress, early mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, iron accumulation, apoptosis, adipocytokines, and stellate cell activation. The exact NASH prevalence is unknown because of the absence of simple noninvasive diagnostic tests. Although liver biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of NASH, other tests are needed to facilitate the diagnosis and greatly reduce the requirement for invasive liver biopsy. In addition, the development of new fibrosis markers in NASH is needed to facilitate the assessment of its progression and the effectiveness of new therapies. The aim of this chapter, which is overview of biomarkers in NASH, is to establish a systematic approach to laboratory findings of the disease.
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    Serum vaspin and adiponectin levels in patients with prolactinoma
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Ginis, Zeynep; Ucar, Fatma; Erdogan, Serpil; Ozturk, Gulfer; Akyol, Sumeyye; Erden, Gonul; Arslan, Muyesser Sayki
    Background: Studies investigating serum vaspin and adiponectin levels in patients with prolactinoma are inconclusive. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum vaspin and adiponectin levels in patients with prolactinoma and healthy controls. Methods: A total of 42 prolactinoma patients (Group 1, 21 patients; Group 2, 21 patients) and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Group 1 consisted of newly diagnosed patients who were never treated or had not received a dopamine agonist (DA) within 6 months prior to screening. Group 2 consisted of prolactinoma patients who were on DA treatment for at least 6 months at the time of screening. The control group (group 3) consisted of healthy controls. Results. Patients with prolactinoma had higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and lower quantitative insulin sensitivity check index values in comparison to healthy controls (p<0.001 for both). Serum levels of adiponectin and vaspin were also significantly lower in prolactinoma patients when compared to the control group (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). Following adjustment for confounding factors, the respective odds ratios for prolactinoma in patients in the lower subgroup compared with those in the higher subgroup for adiponectin and vaspin were 2.733 (0.621-12.035; p>0.05) and 5.041 (1.191-21.339; p<0.05). Conclusion: This is the first study to demonstrate the presence of low vaspin levels in patients with prolactinomas. Further studies are needed to help establish the roles of vaspin and adiponectin in prolactinoma patients.
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    The relationship between oxidative stress and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Its effects on the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2013) Ucar, Fatma; Sezer, Sevilay; Erdogan, Serpil; Akyol, Sumeyya; Armutcu, Ferah; Akyol, Omer
    Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are the most common underlying causes of chronic liver injury. They are associated with a wide spectrum of hepatic disorders including basic steatosis, steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying hepatic injury in NAFLD and NASH are still unknown. This review describes the roles of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and its progression to NASH.
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    The role of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in carbon monoxide toxicity: An in-depth analysis
    (Maney Publishing, 2014) Akyol, Sumeyya; Erdogan, Serpil; Idiz, Nuri; Celik, Safa; Kaya, Mehmet; Ucar, Fatma; Dane, Senol
    The underlying mechanism of the central nervous system (CNS) injury after acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is interlaced with multiple factors including apoptosis, abnormal inflammatory responses, hypoxia, and ischemia/reperfusion-like problems. One of the current hypotheses with regard to the molecular mechanism of CO poisoning is the oxidative injury induced by reactive oxygen species, free radicals, and neuronal nitric oxide. Up to now, the relevant mechanism of this injury remains poorly understood. The weakening of antioxidant systems and the increase of lipid peroxidation in the CNS have been implicated, however. Accordingly, in this review, we will highlight the relationship between oxidative stress and CO poisoning from the perspective of forensic toxicology and molecular toxicology.