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    BIOCHEMICAL EFFECT EVALUATION OF MICROBIAL CHONDROITIN SULPHATE IN EXPERIMENTAL KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS MODEL
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2022) Erenler, Ayse Sebnem; Karabulut, Aysun Bay; Sevimli, Resit; Geckil, Hikmet; Akpolat, Nusret; Unver, Tuba; Otlu, Onder
    Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic joint disease, primarily due to aging. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) commonly used to treat osteoarthritis. CS can delay the progression of pathology or reverse morphological changes in joint structure. Traditionally CS is produced from animal sources. However, due to different reasons such as contamination, ecological risk, and the possibility of infectious diseases, the trend towards microbial sources has increased because of its advantages such as purer, more antiallergic, and lower Molecular Weight (MW) than animal sources. Biochemical analysis of Microbial CS (MCS), which is a new and significant alternative as a source of CS in the OA healing process, has not been evaluated in the literature yet. This study was designed to analyze the biochemical effects of MCS produced by our team from a microbial source, with an MW value of 269 Daltons, on the osteoarthritis healing process compared to the commercial foiut. We aim to reach data that MCS has a higher antioxidant effect than animal -sourced CS, and in this way, it is a more suitable production for the treatment of osteoarthritis. In this study, knee osteoarthritis was surgically induced in experimental rabbits; and TGF113, CAT, MPO, TOS, and OSI parameters measured in blood samples before the operation and after the healing period were analyzed comparatively. After the surgical application, the rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: control, animal -sourced CS, and E. cull sourced. MCS. The standard rabbit diet was administered daily to 10 rabbits in Group 1 (control), and. CS and MCS were applied daily to the other groups as 17 mg/kg for 12 weeks. Blood samples were taken from rabbits at the 12th week after surgery, and TGF-113, CAT, MPO, TOS, and OSI parameters were biochemically evaluated. This study has confirmed that the antioxidant properties of MCS and data on its effectiveness in controlling oxidative stress compared to animal -sourced CS. Based on these results, it can be concluded that MCS has a significant potency of nutraceutical and therapeutic agents for OA treatment.
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    Effect of vgb gene on microbial chondroitin sulfate production in recombinant Escherichia coli pETM6-PACF-vgb and physicochemical characterization of produced chondroitin sulfate
    (Cellular and Molecular Biology Association, 2025) Erenler, Ayse Sebnem; Unver, Tuba; Ceylan, Ahmet Faruk; Ozcan, Imren; Geckil, Hikmet
    Chondroitin Sulfate (CS) is an essential component of the extracellular matrix and is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan structurally composed of a polysaccharide chain consisting of N-acetyl galactosamine and glucuronic acid. The use of CS of animal origin is common in pharmacological research. The disadvantages of traditional sources and methods used in the production of CS, which is used in various applications in the medicine, veterinary, pharmacy, and cosmetic sectors, have made microbial production a vital alternative. In this study, recombinant Escherichia coli (pETM6-PACF-vgb) strain, in which kfoA, kfoC, kfoF and vgb gene regions are co-expressed, and E. coli pETM6-PACF strain, which does not contain the vgb gene, were used in the microbial production of CS. The vgb gene is the region responsible for expressing the bacterial protein Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VtHb). This study investigated the effect of the expression of VtHb in E. coli on increasing bacterial cell respiration and, therefore, how ATP production would affect cell growth and the acquisition of chondroitin and microbial chondroitin sulfate (MCS) from biomass. The analysis results determined a 23.07% increase in the amount of MCS produced from the vgb+ strain. The presence of vgb had positively affected culture age and reproductive kinetics. Spectrophotometric measurements, NMR, HPLC, FT-IR, TGA, DTA, and DSC analyses for the reproductive values and physicochemical characterization of the obtained MCS were applied to discuss this production process. For more detailed results on this subject, future research focused on optimization is needed. © 2025 Cellular and Molecular Biology Association. All rights reserved.