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    Comparison of biological activities and bioactive components of fruits and leaves of six local apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.) from Ardahan and Erzurum Provinces, Turkiye: Part II
    (Springernature, 2026) Erbil, Nurcan; Arslan, Mehmet; Murathan, Zehra Tugba; Ilcim, Ahmet; Sayin, Bilge
    This study aimed to investigate the biochemical composition and biological activities of the fruits and leaves of six apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.) grown in the microclimatic regions of Ardahan, and Erzurum in Turkiye. Accordingly, pigment composition, total anthocyanin (TA), total soluble solids (TSS), pH, titratable acid content (TIAC), total phenolic content (TPC), total ascorbic acid (TAC), antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antimutagenic activities were analyzed. Leaf TPC values, except for the Tatl & imath; and Dacik cultivars, were higher than those of the fruit peel. Similarly, TAC and pigment content were markedly higher in the leaves. Among the fruit extracts, the Pa & scedil;a and Tatl & imath; cultivars showed higher DPPH values, whereas the K & imath;& scedil; cultivar exhibited the highest ABTS value. Leaf extracts displayed a markedly greater FRAP-based reducing capacity than fruit extracts. Moreover, the fruit extract of the K & imath;& scedil; cultivar exhibited greater antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 than that of the other cultivars. The antimutagenic potential of apple fruit and leaf extracts against Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100 strains was dose-dependent and varied among cultivars. These findings highlight that not only fruit extracts but also apple leaves, represent a valuable natural source of bioactive compounds for functional, nutraceutical, and health applications.
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    Comparison of biological activities and bioactive components of fruits and leaves of six local apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.) from Ardahan and Erzurum Provinces, Türkiye: Part II (vol 160, 7, 2026)
    (Springernature, 2026) Erbil, Nurcan; Arslan, Mehmet; Murathan, Zehra Tugba; Ilcim, Ahmet; Sayin, Bilge
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Some Biological Effects of the Fruits and Leaves of Different Apple Cultivars, Including Red-Fleshed Apples, Grown in a Microclimatic Region of Turkey: Part I [2]
    (Springer, 2020) Erbil, Nurcan; Arslan, Mehmet; Murathan, Zehra Tugba; Ilcim, Ahmet; Borekci, Bilge Sayin
    Apple is a fruit that is frequently consumed in daily diet and is very useful for human health. In this study, seven apple cultivars grown in Posof district in Ardahan province, including red-fleshed 'Ici Kirmizi' and 'Japon apples' were investigated. 'Japon apple' was found to have the highest values of total phenolic and ascorbic acid contents. The highest content of chlorophyll a (1.14 mu g/g) was measured in 'Mahara apple', while the highest contents of chlorophyll b and total carotenoids (1.22 and 0.70 mu g/g, respectively) were also observed in 'Japon apple'. All the fruits and leaves of the apple cultivars, used in this study exhibited differential antioxidant and antibacterial effects. Except for 'Seker apple', all methanolic leaf extracts exhibited inhibitory effects onSaccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition, the strongest antimicrobial activities were observed in 'Japon apple'. While none of the doses of aqueous fruit extracts showed antimutagenic activities, different doses of the methanolic leaf extracts of the samples exhibited antimutagenic effects.