Yazar "Islam, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul" seçeneğine göre listele

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    Perception and legacy of soil chromium and lead contamination in an operational small-scale coal mining community
    (Springer, 2023) Islam, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul; Jion, Most. Mastura Munia Farjana; Jannat, Jannatun Nahar; Varol, Memet; Islam, Md. Aminul; Khan, Rahat; Habib, Md. Ahosan
    Operational small-scale coal mining (OSCM) is one of the most significant sources of chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) pollution in Bangladesh. Attempts to minimize or lessen the use of Cr and Pb in OSCM have shown unsatisfactory results, mainly because they need to address the sociotechnical complexity of pollution concerns in OSCM. This research adopts a multidisciplinary, sociotechnical approach to addressing Cr and Pb problems, coupling soil sampling for Cr and Pb with questionnaires of miners' and inhabitants' perceptions of pollution and its distribution. The study was undertaken in the Barapukuria coal basin in northwest Bangladesh. Except for mining areas (average of 49.80 +/- 27.25 mg/kg), Cr levels in soils exceeded the world average in the periphery (73.34 +/- 24.39 mg/kg, similar to 1.2 times) and residential areas (88.85 +/- 35.87 mg/kg, 1.5 times the world standard of 59.5 mg/kg). Pb levels in soils exceeded national and global averages in mining (53.56 +/- 37.62 mg/kg, similar to 1.9 times), periphery (35.05 +/- 21.77 mg/kg, similar to 1.3 times), and residential areas (32.14 +/- 26.59 mg/kg, similar to 1.2 times) when compared to Bangladesh and global standards of 20 and 27 mg/kg. Pb levels were highest in mining areas, while Cr concentrations were highest in residential areas. The questionnaire findings indicated that miners and inhabitants did not correctly assume that the highest levels of Cr and Pb pollution would be found in these areas. Among all respondents, 54% are unaware of the health impacts of prolonged Cr and Pb exposure. They face respiratory problems (38.6%), skin diseases (32.7%), and other health issues. A large number of people (66.6%) agreed with the fact that Cr and Pb contamination has an impact on drinking water. Cr and Pb pollution has caused 40% crop loss and a 36% decrease in productivity in the agricultural sector. However, respondents underestimated the level of Cr pollution in mining areas, and most assumed that only individuals working directly with mines were impacted by the Cr and Pb content. Participants also rated the reduction of Cr and Pb contamination as of low importance. There is less awareness of Cr and Pb pollution among miners and inhabitants. Sincere efforts to reduce Cr and Pb pollution will likely be met with extra attention and hostility.
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    Pollution status and ecological risks of metals in surface water of a coastal estuary and health risk assessment for recreational users
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Real, Md. Khalid Hassan; Varol, Memet; Rahman, M. Safiur; Islam, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul
    Since the areas close to the Sundarbans mangrove estuary, which is one of the most dynamic and productive ecosystems in the world, are very suitable for urban and industrial activities, the coastal areas of this ecosystem are constantly exposed to metal contamination. In this study, we analyzed the levels, spatial distributions, sources, pollution status, ecological risks, and health risks for recreational users of 16 metals in surface water collected from 18 sampling sites in the Sundarbans estuary. Considering the mean values of metals, Sr (2523 μg/L), Al (1731 μg/L), B (1692 μg/L) and Fe (1321 μg/L) were the most abundant metals in the coastal waters of the estuary, while Cd (0.977 μg/L), Ni (3.11 μg/L), Cu (5.98 μg/L) and Cr (9.77 μg/L) were the less abundant metals. All metals except Zr had the coefficient of variation (CV) values of over 35%, suggesting that other metals showed strong variation between sampling sites due to anthropogenic activities. Al, Fe and Pb levels of all sampling sites were above the limit values set for coastal and marine waters. Similarly, Pb levels of all sites exceeded the USEPA chronic criterion set for saltwater aquatic life. The results of pollution indices indicated that there was a serious metal pollution in almost all sampling sites. Low ecological risk (ER) at four sites, moderate ER at five sites and considerable ER at nine sites were recorded. Dual hierarchical clustering analysis grouped 16 metals into four clusters based on their potential sources and 18 sampling sites into three clusters based on their similar pollution characteristics. Health risk assessment results indicated that total hazard index (THI) values of all sites for recreational children were above the acceptable level of 1, indicating that water of all sites is not safe for health of children. However, THI values of all sites except ST8 (1.1) and ST11 (1.19) for recreational adults were below 1. Among the metals studied, Zr was found to be metal that contributes the most (75.89%) to total health risk in this coastal estuary. This finding reveals the necessity of monitoring of such less-studied metals such as Zr in the surface water of coastal estuaries. Carcinogenic risk values of As were within or below the acceptable range at all sites, indicating that carcinogenic risks would not be expected for recreational users. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
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    Receptor model-based source-specific health risks of toxic metal(loid)s in coal basin-induced agricultural soil in northwest Bangladesh
    (Springer, 2023) Habib, Md. Ahosan; Islam, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul; Varol, Memet; Phoungthong, Khamphe; Khan, Rahat; Islam, Md. Saiful; Pal, Subodh Chandra
    Toxic metal(loid)s (TMLs) in agricultural soils cause detrimental effects on ecosystem and human health. Therefore, source-specific health risk apportionment is very crucial for the prevention and control of TMLs in agricultural soils. In this study, 149 surface soil samples were taken from a coal mining region in northwest Bangladesh and analyzed for 12 TMLs (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, Cu, As, Se, and Hg). Positive matrix factorization (PMF) and absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) receptor models were employed to quantify the pollution sources of soil TMLs. Both models identified five possible sources of pollution: agrochemical practice, industrial emissions, coal-power-plant, geogenic source, and atmospheric deposition, while the contribution rates of each source were calculated as 28.2%, 17.2%, 19.3%, 19% and 16.3% in APCS-MLR, 22.2%, 13.4%, 24.3%, 15.1% and 25.1% in PMF, respectively. Agrochemical practice was the major source of non-carcinogenic risk (NCR) (adults: 32.37%, children: 31.54%), while atmospheric deposition was the highest source of carcinogenic risk (CR) (adults: 48.83%, children: 50.11%). NCR and CR values for adults were slightly higher than for children. However, the trends in NCR and CR between children and adults were similar. As a result, among the sources of pollution, agrochemical practices and atmospheric deposition have been identified as the primary sources of soil TMLs, so prevention and control strategies should be applied primarily for these pollution sources in order to protect human health.