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Öğe Changes and Correlations of Some Phenolic Compounds in Four Apricot Cultivars at Different Maturity Levels(Springer, 2024) Kan, Tuncay; Karaat, Firat EgeThe phenolic compounds are accepted as supporting human health against various vital diseases. Fruits are one of the main sources of phenolic compounds to be consumed, and apricot is one of the most important fruits in terms of the phenolic compound profile. This study was conducted to compare the phenolic compound profiles of apricot cultivars at different maturity levels. For this aim, four Turkish apricot cultivars-two of which are consumed fresh while the other two are suitable for drying-were selected and harvested at two different maturity levels: harvest and commercial maturity. The phenolic compound profiles of the obtained samples, including eight important phenolic compounds, were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The obtained data was statistically evaluated, including correlation analyses performed for different cultivars and maturity levels. Results showed that when some of the phenolic compounds increase at higher maturity levels, some of them decrease and some of them do not show a significant difference. The change during ripening varies depending on the cultivar. Similarly, the correlations among the phenolic compounds occur differently at different maturity levels and in different cultivars. In terms of the total amount of the phenolic compounds examined as part of the study, three of the cultivars showed lower contents at commercial maturity, and the cultivars for drying purposes showed more than 40% higher contents at both maturity levels. 'Hacihaliloglu' cultivar in particular but also 'Kabaasi' were found to be advantageous in terms of phenolic compound contents.Öğe Determination of Nutrition Status of Apple Orchards in Doğanşehir, Malatya(2019) Karlıdaǧ, Hüseyin; Karaat, Fırat Ege; Kan, Tuncay; Kutsal, İbrahim Kutalmış; Yıldırım, HakanIn order to determine nutrition status of the apple orchards in Doğanşehir city of Malatya Province, chemical and physical properties of soil samples, and macro and micro nutrient contents of soil and leaf samples collected from the selected orchards from different parts of the city were examined in 2017. Soil samples were collected from two depths of 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm, 1 kg from each depth, in September. Leaf samples, 100 leaves taken from head level of trees representing the related orchard, were collected 11 weeks after full blossom. Results indicated that soil texture, pH and salinity level was appropriate for apple growing, but loam content was generally high and organic matter was poor. Macro and micro nutrients were found adequate in soil samples of most of the orchards, except Mn and Zn. Sampling depth did not affected soil properties in most of the orchards. Almost all of the leaf samples contained adequate amount of N, P, Fe, and Cu, whereas inadequate level of K, Ca, and Zn. N content varied between 0.068% and 0.106% in soil samples, and between 1.78% and 2.68% in leaf samples.Öğe Evaluation of an intercropping system: lettuce and radish growing in fruit sapling production(Hasan Önder, 2022) Karlıdağ, Hüseyin; Kutsal, İbrahim Kutalmış; Karaat, Fırat Ege; Küçük, Rabia; Kan, TuncayAgricultural production is one of the most negatively affected sectors from increasing population and global warming. Increasing food demand along with narrowing agricultural production areas increased the need for sustainable agricultural approaches where the unit area is better utilized. Intercropping systems are of those approaches based on the principle of growing more than one crop in the same area. In this study it was aimed to analyze the opportunities of increasing land-use efficiency in open field fruit sapling production. For this aim lettuce and radish were grown on the inter-rows of almond, apple, apricot, cherry, and pear sapling growing lines. When compared with control plants, results indicated a slight negative effect of intercropping systems on sapling quality. Vegetable yield and pomological values (except chemical parameters) were lower in the vegetables subjected to intercropping. On the other hand, Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) and Net Economic Profit (NEP) were higher in intercropping lines. LER value varied between 1.86 and 1.97, and NEP value between 3328 and 6962 USD/da. These results indicated that land-use efficiency was increased with the examined intercropping system. As a result of the study notwithstanding the quality and yield loses it was concluded that intercropping of lettuce and radish in fruit sapling production is a beneficial growing application for the mentioned aims.Öğe Farklı rakımlarda yetiştirilen bazı kayısı çeşitleri ile zerdali meyvelerinde fenolik bileşiklerin incelenmesi(Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, 2019) Kan, Tuncay; Karaat, Fırat EgeFitokimyasallar insan sağlığını destekleyen en önemli mikro besleyicilerinden olup; kanser ve kalp hastalıkları gibi tahrip edici hastalıklar üzerine, etki mekanizmasının olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Malatya’da deniz seviyesinden 1040 m ve 1490 m yükseklikte yetiştirilen Hacıhaliloğlu, Kabaaşı ve Çataloğlu kayısı çeşitleri ve Zerdali meyve örneklerinde farklı antioksidan fitokimyasalların miktarları UV- DAD dedektörü ile yüksek basınçlı sıvı kromotoğrafisi (HPLC) cihazı kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda ilgili meyve örneklerinde gallik asit, p-kumarik asit, ferulik asit, kafeik asit, klorojenik asit, kateşin, epikateşin, epigallokateşin, rutin, prosiyanidin B1, prosiyanidin B2, prosiyanidin B3 ve 3-B-Q-D içerikleri incelenmiştir. İncelenen tüm özelliklerde çeşitler ve zerdali örnekleri arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli farklılık tespit edilmiştir (P<0.05). Sonuçlar incelendiğinde, 1490 m rakımdan alınan meyve örneklerdeki fenolik bileşik miktarlarının daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. En yüksek gallik asit ve klorojenik asit içeriği 1490 m rakımda yetiştirilen Çataloğlu çeşidinde (sırasıyla 305.25 ve 20916.65 ?g/100 g)elde edilirken, en yüksek kateşin ve epikateşin içerikleri yine 1490 m rakımda yetiştirilen Kabaaşı çeşidinde(6372.80 ve 788.90 ?g/100 g) tespit edilmiştir.Öğe Less Known Fruit Specie, Rosa Villosa L.: Phenotypic and Biochemical Content(Springer, 2021) Kan, TuncayIn recent years less known fruits such as rose hips increased popularity among consumers due to its higher human health compounds and unique aroma properties. In literature mostly results about rose hips obtained from well-known Rosa species, Rosa canina and Rosa dumalis and report about Rosa villosa is very limited. Thus, this study is aimed to assess some important morphological and biochemical characteristics of thirteen Rosa villosa L. genotypes collected from Gumushane province, located in Northeastern Anatolia region of Turkey and compared with R. canina, R. dumalis and R. pimpinellifolia. Results showed that there were statistically important differences among R. villosa genotypes and also differences between R. villosa and the other Rosa species on most of the morphological and biochemical characteristics. Fruit weight insignificantly differed among genotypes but significantly differed among species. There were statistically significant differences in harvest dates, fruit flesh ratio, total phenolic, total anthocyanin, ascorbic acid and organic acids, specific sugars and antioxidant activity between R. villosa genotypes and also Rosa species. Fruit weight was found between 1.04–1.19?g and harvest dates ranged from 24 August and 18 September among R. villosa genotypes. Fruit flesh ratio varied from 75.15 to 84.22%. Vitamin C, total phenolic and total anthocyanin content of the R. villosa genotypes ranged from 288–391?mg per 100?g fresh weight, 682–827?mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per 100?g fresh weight and 2.12–2.84?mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent per 100?g fresh fruit, respectively. Antioxidant activity was between 34.11–40.07?mmol Trolox equivalents (TE) per g fresh weight.Öğe Malatya yöresinde yetiştirilen mahalli 'Karamehmet' elmasında seleksiyonla verimli ve kaliteli klonların seçimi(Ordu Üniversitesi, 2019) Çöçen, Erdoğan; Ernim, Cemil; Kokargül, Remzi; Uğur, Yılmaz; Kan, Tuncay; Pırlak, LütfiElma insan sağlığı ve beslenmesinde önemli olan, her mevsim pazarda bulunabilen, ekonomik, lezzetli ve yaygın şekilde tüketilen bir meyvedir. Ülkemiz elma üretiminde ticari değeri yüksek standart çeşitlerin yanı sıra çok sayıda mahalli çeşitler de yer almaktadır. Bu mahalli çeşitler ıslah çalışmaları için önemli bir genetik kaynak oluşturmaktadır. Malatya ilinde yetiştirilen mahalli Karamehmet elması; eylül ayı başında olgunlaşır. Yeme kalitesi ve albenisi yüksek, ince kabuklu, hoş kokulu, hafif mayhoştatlımsı, gevrek ve suludur. Malatya ilinde 2013- 2017 yılları arasında yürütülen bu çalışmada, farklı genotiplerinin olduğu gözlenen Karamehmet elmasında kaliteli klonların belirlenerek üretime kazandırılması amaçlanmıştır. Alan taramasında yapılan incelemelerde verimli ve sağlıklı olduğu gözlenen 15 klon arazide işaretlenmiştir. İşaretlenen ağaçlardan alınan meyve örneklerinde pomolojik analizler gerçekleştirilmiş ve elde edilen veriler “Tartılı Derecelendirme Metodu” ile değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirme sonunda, “Karamehmet” elma çeşidinde 44.KM.02, 44.KM.08 ve 44.KM.15 no’lu klonlar ümitvar bulunmuştur. Ümitvar klonlarda meyve ağırlığı 151.98 g (44.KM.08) ile 205.30 g (44.KM.02), meyve eti sertliği 7.90 kg/cm² (44.KM.02) ile 8.90 kg/cm² (44.KM.15), suda çözünebilir kuru madde (SÇKM) oranı %13.12 (44.KM.02) ile %14.10 (44.KM.15), TEA değeri % 0.70 (44.KM.15) ile %1.12 (44.KM.08), pH değeri ise 2.20 (44.KM.08) ile 3.65 (44.KM.15) arasında değişmiştir. Çalışma sonunda; periyodisite eğilimi göstermeyen, verimli, yeme kalitesi ve albenisi yüksek olduğu belirlenen bu ümitvar klonlar çoğaltılarak Kayısı Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü koleksiyon parseline dikilmiştir.Öğe Physical and chemical fruit quality properties of some walnut cultivars and promising local selections grown under plain conditions in malatya(Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, 2019) Karlıdağ, Hüseyin; Karaat, Fırat Ege; Kutsal, İbrahim Kutalmış; Altun, Oktay Turgay; Kan, TuncayThis study was conducted between the years of 2017 and 2018 in Battalgazi county of Malatya Province, Turkey, in order to determine fruit quality properties of three walnut cultivars and three local walnut genotypes under plain conditions. For this aim; kernel color and shrinkage, nut height, width and thickness, nut and kernel weights, kernel/nut ratio, shell thickness were detected as physical parameters. Additionally, total oil, protein and ash contents of kernel samples were examined as chemical parameters. Results indicated significant differences in all evaluated parameters of genotypes included in the study. Nut height, width and thickness varied between 37.55 mm - 52.30 mm, 32.61 mm - 42.10 mm, and 30.09 mm - 41.10 mm, respectively. Nut weight varied between 11.22 g and 17.84 g and kernel/nut ratio varied between 43.89 % and 58.13 %. Total oil and protein contents varied between 64.10 - 73.75 %, and 13.50 - 19.66 %, respectively. The study resulted with various values in all evaluated physical and chemical parameters of the cultivars and the genotypes observed. Leading cultivar or genotype depended on different parameters, but according to overall evaluations two of the cultivars and two of the local genotypes were distinguished in terms of their performances under plain conditions. In addition, significant correlations were found between most of the characters examined in the study.Öğe Physicochemical characteristics of wild and cultivated apricots (Prunus armeniaca L.) from Aras valley in Turkey(Springer, 2020) Gecer, Mustafa Kenan; Kan, Tuncay; Gündoğdu, Muttalip; Ercişli, Sezai; İlhan, Gülce; Sağbaş, Halil İbrahimIn east Anatolia region in Turkey, there are special microclimates, which famous for its fruit production. One of the most important microclimates in the region is Aras valley. The major fruit in the valley is apricot, which grown both cultivated and wild forms. This study aimed to assess some important fruit morphological and biochemical characteristics of 26 wild apricots and cv. Aprikoz grown in Kagizman district in Aras valley. Harvest date, tree growth habit, fruit weight, fruit shape, fruit firmness, fruit color, flesh/seed ratio, aroma, kernel taste, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, maturity index, vitamin C, total phenolic, total carotenoid and antioxidant capacity were determined. The wild grown apricots exhibited a wide variation on most of the fruit morphological and biochemical characteristics. Harvest date, fruit shape, fruit weight, fruit firmness and fruit color were the most distinct morphological characteristics of wild grown apricots. Harvest dates and fruit weight were found between 02 July (KA18) and 06 August (KA13); 16.28 g (KA6) and 33.14 g (KA2) among wild grown apricots, respectively. The main cultivar cv. Aprikoz harvested at 04 July and had 38.67 g fruit weight. The wild apricots had flesh/seed ratio between 8.41 (KA21) and 12.25 (KA10) while cv. Aprikoz had 11.69 flesh/seed ratio. Total antioxidant capacity, total carotenoid and total phenolic content were the highest in most of wild apricot fruits than cv. Aprikoz. Our results showed that there is potential for promoting wild apricot fruit from specific geographical regions because they contained elevated concentrations of antioxidant polyphenolic compounds.Öğe Polyamines in cold storage: impact of postharvest spermidine on strawberry quality(Springer, 2024) Orman, Erdal; Yavic, Adnan; Gundogdu, Muttalip; Aglar, Erdal; Celik, Kenan; Kan, TuncayReducing post-harvest losses of strawberries, which quickly spoil after harvest and have a limited storage life, is crucial in minimizing product wastage. The research aimed to investigate the impact of spermidine application at varying concentrations (0, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mM) on post-harvest fruit quality characteristics and biochemical composition. Spermidine application protected the fruits by preventing changes in weight loss, decay rate, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), pH ratios and respiration rate. Malic acid was dominant in strawberry fruits, and that the application of 2 mM spermidine (559.80 mg/100 g) compared to the control group (483.55 mg/100 g) largely preserved malic acid content. Chlorogenic acid was phenolics compound that had the highest content, and spermdine doses significantly preserved chlorogenic acid during storage. The study revealed that 2 mM spermidine application was the most effective dose and that it could be used at this concentration to preserve post-harvest fruit quality and reduce biochemical changes in strawberries.Öğe Response of heavy metal contents in apricots to different transportation modes(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Lublinie, 2019) Karlıdaǧ, Hüseyin; Turan, Metin; Karaat, Fırat Ege; Özlü, Ekrem; Arriaga, Francisco J.; Kan, Tuncay; Atay, SalihIn order to evaluate the effects of different transportation hubs on cultivated soil and apricots, macro and micro elements and heavy metal contents of fruit, leaf, kernel and soil samples collected from apricot orchards located at the border of the railroad, the motorway, the airport, and an orchard far from transportation modes were detected by ICP/OES (inductively coupled plasma / optical emission spectrometry). The results indicated the highest Cd, Pb and Ni contents of soil, fruit, and kernel samples under impacts of railroad transportation modes, whereas the highest contents of leaf were found under motorway side. All fruit samples contained higher amounts of Cd and Pb compared to permissible limits of FAO/WHO, and contents differentiated between sampling locations. There were no correlative relations found between transportation modes and macro-micro element contents. As a conclusion, in terms of heavy metal contamination, the orchards located at railway sides have the highest risk and this was followed by motorway side.Öğe Sensory, morphological, biochemical, and antioxidant characteristics of the fruits of different Cactus Pear (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill.) genotypes(Springer, 2024) Sakar, Ebru; Ercisli, Sezai; Durul, Melekber Sulusoglu; Singh, Mithilesh; Anjum, Muhammad Akbar; Orhan, Emine; Kan, TuncayThe interest in wild edible fruit species has increased around the world, especially in Turkiye in recent years. One such fruit species is the cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L.), which is widely grown throughout the Mediterranean basin and has gained economic importance. In this study, we described an important sensory, morphological (including plant growth habit, fruit mass, fruit firmness, fruit skin color, fruit shape index, skin color homogeneity, flesh percentage, and marketable fruit ratio), biochemical (including vitamin C content, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solid content, crude fiber content, total carotenoid content, and total phenol content), and antioxidant characteristics of the fruits of 12 pre-selected cactus pear genotypes with different skin colors sampled from the Mersin province in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkiye. The 12 cactus pear genotypes examined showed differences in most sensory, morphological, biochemical, and antioxidant features. Although the dominant skin color of the fruit was orange, genotypes with yellow and even red skin colors were also present. Cactus pear genotypes showed fruit mass between 78.14 and 133.22 g and fruit firmness between 7.73 and 11.63 N. For biochemical traits, the genotypes exhibited SSC (Soluble Solid Content) between 11.10% and 15.02%, vitamin C content between 9.22 mg/100 g and 15.22 mg/100 g, crude fiber content between 0.84% and 1.12%, and total carotenoid content between 2.54% and 3.20%. Due to their attractive horticultural characteristics, active components, and ease of cultivation, cactus pear plants and fruits might be valuable in the future.Öğe Some biochemical characteristics of fruit samples of Sambucus nigra genotypes from Northeastern Turkey(Academic Press, 2019) Kan, TuncayThere are numerous wild edible fruit species in the world and they are important components of dietary utilization, local pharmacopoeia, cultural and religious practices of indigenous people. In this study, some important berry characteristics of seven seed propagated black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) genotypes sampled from Rize province, Turkey, were assessed. The genotypes exhibited a great diversity on most of the biochemical characteristics. Berries of genotypes showed moderate Vitamin C content ranged from 26 to 38 mg per 100 g fresh weight. Total phenolic and total anthocyanin content in fruits of the S. nigra genotypes has also high value ranged from 360 to 447 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per 100 g fresh weight and 307 to 412 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent per 100 g fresh berry, respectively. Antioxidant activity was found between 5.28 and 7.11 mmol trolox equivalent per 100 g fresh weight basis. Citric acid and fructose determined as major organic acid and sugar for all genotypes. For its high vitamin C, total anthocyanin and total phenolic content and high antioxidant activity of fruits of wild grown S. nigra may have provide many health benefits and can be domesticated to establish orchards in Turkey.Öğe Use of spermidine to preserve organic acids, polyphenols, and quality of cold stored plum fruits(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2023) Gundogdu, Muttalip; Guler, Emrah; Aglar, Erdal; Arslan, Tuncer; Kan, Tuncay; Celik, KenanOne of the primary goals of fruit production and storage is to ensure pre-and post-harvest food quality. Polyamines have recently been used to improve food quality after harvest. We used spermidine concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mM in plum fruits for 20 and 40 days of cold storage. Each dose provided significantly higher preservation of sensory properties, organic acids, and phenolic compounds than the control, with a gradual improvement by doses. Malic acid was the predominant organic acid and was gradually preserved by spermidine doses, including 25% more malic acid for the 1.5 mM spermidine treatment. Similarly, chlorogenic acid, the most abundant phenolic compound studied, was also 25% higher when the spermidine dose rose to 1.5 mM. The 1.5 mM spermidine notably inhibited weight loss and respiration rate. Organic acids and phenolic compounds were particularly protected by the 1 and 1.5 mM doses, and multivariate approaches suggested that spermidine has a comprehensive stability effect on secondary metabolites. This study proposes spermidine as a comprehensive metabolic preserver that protects polyphenols and organic acids, thus preserving the taste and healthiness of cold-stored plum fruits.
