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Öğe A retrospective analysis thyroid function and ultrasonography in a group of subjects with lepramatous leprosy in Turkey(Public Library Science, 2024) Ozkan, Zeynep; Kanat, Zekiye; Alatas, Ozkan; Karagoz, Zuhal KaracaBackground There are several studies on thyroid functions and thyroid gland features in patients with leprosy in the literature. The relationship between them have not been clarified yet. These studies are time-expired and don't contain ultrasonography examination. The purpose of the study is to investigate thyroid functions and gland characteristics in leprosy patients by ultrasonography (US) and current laboratory techniques.Patients and Methods This retrospective study was conducted by collecting the data of patients with lepramatous leprosy. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, anti-thyroid peroxidase, antithyroglobulin, and thyroglobulin values and thyroid ultrasonography reports were collected from previous records.Results The mean age is 75.12 +/- 9.89 years of total 17 subjects and 10 patients (58.8%) were male. Thyroid US was performed on 14 of the patients, nodules were detected in a total of 7 (50%) patients. The mean FT3, FT4, TSH, Anti-Tpo, Anti-TG, and TG values of the patients were found to be within normal limits.Conclusion In the present study, no changes were detected in the thyroid functions and structures of the patients with Lepromatous Leprosy. We consider that prospective randomized studies that will include larger sample sizes are needed to determine whether there is a relationship between leprosy and thyroid disease. Leprosy is also known as Hansen's disease, caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae. This ancient disease continues to be a serious healt problem worldwide. Currently it is more common in subtropical regions. Although leprosy cases are decreasing, they are still seen in Turkey. Mycobacterium Leprae lead to an chronic granulamatous infection mainly on skin and peripheral nerves however, it can also affect other tissues such as eyes, mucous membranes, bones and testicles, and may occur different clinical manifestations. It has been shown that it also causes changes in endocrine organ functions. There are some studies on thyroid functions, but the effects of leprosy on thyroid functions and structure are not clear.In this study, we examined the structural features and functional status of the thyroid gland, in a small number of patients because of Leprosy is non endemic common in our country.No changes were detected in the thyroid functions and structures of the patients with Lepromatous Leprosy in a thyroid-endemic region in this study. We consider that it is necessary prospective randomized studies included larger sample sizes on this topicÖğe Automated Early Detection of Skin Cancer Using a CNN-ViT-Attention-Based Hybrid Model(Mdpi, 2026) Kanat, Zekiye; Onal, Merve Kesim; Bingol, Harun; Sener, Serpil; Avci, Engin; Yildirim, MuhammedBackground/Objectives: Skin cancer is a very serious disease. There is a risk that the cancer will spread to other parts of the body as the cancerous tissue deepens. For this reason, early diagnosis is important because it allows for early initiation of treatment. This study proposes a hybrid model for the early diagnosis of skin cancer. Methods: The proposed model was developed using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Vision Transformer (ViT) architectures, and the k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naive Bayes (NB), Neural Network Classifiers, Decision Tree (DT), and Logistic Regression (LR) classifiers. Furthermore, the proposed model was fine-tuned to improve its disease diagnosis. Two attention mechanisms, channel and spatial, were used together in the proposed model. The HAM10000 dataset was used during the experiments. Class weighting was performed to ensure class-based balance in the dataset. Results: The proposed model was also compared with the CNN and ViT architectures frequently used in the literature. Among these models, the highest accuracy value of 95.1% was obtained with the proposed model. Conclusions: It is considered that the proposed model can be used as a decision support system for dermatologists in the diagnosis of skin cancer.Öğe INVESTIGATION OF EOSINOPHIL, LYMPHOCYTE AND MONOCYTE VALUES ACCORDING TO AGE AND GENDER IN INSECT BITES IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT(Acil Tıp Uzmanları Derneği, 2023) Pepele, Mustafa Safa; Kanat, ZekiyeObjective: The purpose of this study was to look at the seasonal distribution, age and gender distribution, and eosinophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte values according to age and gender in cases of insect bites that were brought to the emergency room over the course of a year. Materials and method: Retrospective analysis was performed on patients who were brought to the emergency room between 1.12.2021 and 1.12.2022 and had the ICD code W57 (Diagnosis Code - Bitten or stung by Nonvenomous Insects and Other Nonvenomous Arthropods). The following values were noted: age, gender, presenting season, CRP, Leukocyte, Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Eosinophil, INR, PTZ, and Aptt levels. Findings: The study comprised a total of 694 patients—308 females and 386 males. The patients were 39.81 16.42 years old on average. Spring saw 9.4% of the patients, summer saw 67%, and fall saw 23.6%. According to the patients' gender, there were significant differences in the eosinophil (t:-3.535; p:0.0010.01) and monocyte (t:-4.909; p:0.0010.01) values. Regarding the season in which the patients were admitted, significant differences in lymphocyte (F:7.045; p:0.0010.01) and monocyte (F:3.208; p:0.0410.05) values were discovered. When the disparities in eosinophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte values were evaluated in relation to the patients' ages, significant differences in monocyte values were discovered (F:2.552; p:0.0270.05). Result: We commonly see insect bites in emergency rooms, which we can usually cure with straightforward remedies or occasionally without treatment, but in some unfortunate circumstances, we may have to deal with major issues and allergic responses (4). Almost little studies have been done on the seasonal distribution and evaluation of blood tests according to age and gender, despite the fact that there are many studies on this topic in the literature. We think that more study on this topic is necessary.Öğe The Role of Long Pentraxin 3 and Nuclear Factor Kappa Beta in Vitiligo Occurrence and Disease Severity(Wiley, 2023) Gencoglu, Sule; Kanat, ZekiyeObjectives. To reveal the role of long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kB) in vitiligo and their relationship with disease severity. Materials and Methods. The study groups consisted of a total of 54 patients, including 27 patients diagnosed with vitiligo and 27 healthy controls without any cutaneous disease. Patients with amelanotic, sharply demarcated, and chalk-white macular lesions were defined as vitiligo. The diagnosis of vitiligo was confirmed by Wood's lamp examination. No biopsies were taken from the lesions, and no additional laboratory testing was performed. Skin and hair pigmentations in lesions other than hands and feet were evaluated. Vitiligo grading was done using the largest macules overall. Spreading rates were evaluated in selected lesions with Wood's lamp. The long pentraxin 3 and NF-kB levels in serum samples of participants were measured by the ELISA method. Results. According to the Vitiligo European Task Force consensus 16 of 27, vitiligo patients were in the slow progressive phase, and 11 patients were in the active progressive phase. The serum PTX3 levels of the patients in the vitiligo group were found to be significantly higher than those of the control group (8.21 +/- 2.11 ng/ml vs. 6.76 +/- 1.90 ng/ml, < 0.03). Similarly, the serum NF-kB levels of the patients in the vitiligo group were significantly higher than those of the patients in the control group (15.03 +/- 3.45 ng/ml vs. 12.19 +/- 4.20 ng/ml, < 0.01). A positive and significant correlation was found between serum NF-kB and PTX3 (r = 0.677 and < 0.01). PTX3 and NF-kB levels were significantly higher in patients in the active progressive phase than in patients in the slow progressive phase. PTX3 and NF-kB values in the active progressive phase tended to be higher than those detected when the disease was in the slow progressive phase. Conclusions. High serum PTX3 and NF-kB levels in vitiligo are evidence of impaired proinflammatory activity and innate and adaptive immunity.
