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    BIOCHEMICAL EFFECT EVALUATION OF MICROBIAL CHONDROITIN SULPHATE IN EXPERIMENTAL KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS MODEL
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2022) Erenler, Ayse Sebnem; Karabulut, Aysun Bay; Sevimli, Resit; Geckil, Hikmet; Akpolat, Nusret; Unver, Tuba; Otlu, Onder
    Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic joint disease, primarily due to aging. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) commonly used to treat osteoarthritis. CS can delay the progression of pathology or reverse morphological changes in joint structure. Traditionally CS is produced from animal sources. However, due to different reasons such as contamination, ecological risk, and the possibility of infectious diseases, the trend towards microbial sources has increased because of its advantages such as purer, more antiallergic, and lower Molecular Weight (MW) than animal sources. Biochemical analysis of Microbial CS (MCS), which is a new and significant alternative as a source of CS in the OA healing process, has not been evaluated in the literature yet. This study was designed to analyze the biochemical effects of MCS produced by our team from a microbial source, with an MW value of 269 Daltons, on the osteoarthritis healing process compared to the commercial foiut. We aim to reach data that MCS has a higher antioxidant effect than animal -sourced CS, and in this way, it is a more suitable production for the treatment of osteoarthritis. In this study, knee osteoarthritis was surgically induced in experimental rabbits; and TGF113, CAT, MPO, TOS, and OSI parameters measured in blood samples before the operation and after the healing period were analyzed comparatively. After the surgical application, the rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: control, animal -sourced CS, and E. cull sourced. MCS. The standard rabbit diet was administered daily to 10 rabbits in Group 1 (control), and. CS and MCS were applied daily to the other groups as 17 mg/kg for 12 weeks. Blood samples were taken from rabbits at the 12th week after surgery, and TGF-113, CAT, MPO, TOS, and OSI parameters were biochemically evaluated. This study has confirmed that the antioxidant properties of MCS and data on its effectiveness in controlling oxidative stress compared to animal -sourced CS. Based on these results, it can be concluded that MCS has a significant potency of nutraceutical and therapeutic agents for OA treatment.
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    Obesity as a modifying factor of periodontal therapy outcomes: local and systemic adipocytokines and oxidative stress markers
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Toy, Vesile Elif; Ataoglu, Tamer; Eltas, Abubekir; Otlu, Husniye Gul; Karabulut, Aysun Bay
    Objectives Adipocytokines and oxidative stress (OS) are involved in the pathogenesis of both obesity and periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate periodontal therapy outcomes in terms of serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of adipocytokines and OS markers in obese patients with periodontitis, in order to have an insight into the association between obesity and periodontitis.Materials and methods A total of 39 patients (20 obese, 19 non-obese) with periodontitis were included in this study. Clinical periodontal parameters were assessed; serum and GCF levels of adipocytokines and OS markers were evaluated by ELISA at baseline and 3 months after non-surgical periodontal therapy.Results Significant improvements in clinical periodontal parameters were observed in both groups at 3 months (p < 0.01). While serum levels of TNF-alpha, leptin, and total oxidant status (TOS) in the obese group were higher at baseline (p < 0.01), leptin levels remained higher at 3 months despite a significant decrease (p < 0.01). Although NSPT improved GCF levels of total antioxidant status (TAS) and TOS in both groups, they were significantly different between the groups after therapy (p < 0.05).Conclusions It seems that leptin, TNF-alpha, and TOS contribute to systemic inflammatory and oxidative state in patients with obesity. Despite improvements in clinical periodontal parameters, obesity might be a modulating factor in the development and progression of periodontal disease in terms of some adipocytokines and OS markers.
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    Oxidative stress and antioxidants in health and disease
    (Walter de Gruyter Gmbh, 2023) Kiran, Tugba Raika; Otlu, Onder; Karabulut, Aysun Bay
    The increase in the formation of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species of endogenous or exogenous origin causes oxidative stress due to pro-oxidant and antioxidant imbalance that causes cellular damage in metabolism. This can increase inflammation of cells, apoptosis and necrosis, damage to DNA base damage, DNA and protein cross-links, lipid membrane peroxidation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Antioxidants can be described as a system that protects biomolecules and the organism against the harmful effects of free radicals, reduces or repairs the damage done by reactive oxygen species (ROS) to the target molecule, and this is called antioxidant defense. It is known that the mechanisms caused by the increase in ROS resulting from oxidative stress are positively related to the pathology of many diseases such as cancer, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, malaria, Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, neurodegenerative diseases and preeclampsia.