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    Effects of storage temperatures on quality and phytochemical properties of the hawthorn (Crataegus azarolus L.) during storage and shelf life
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2025) Ozdemir, Ahmet Erhan; Caliskan, Oguzhan; Bayazit, Safder; Gunduz, Kazim; Gunes, Nurdan Tuna; Karasahin, Zafer; Karahan, Ramazan Bestami
    This study aimed to investigate the effects of storage temperature on the quality and phytochemical characteristics in Sultan hawthorn cultivar during cold storage and shelf life. Fruits were stored at 0 +/- 0.5 degrees C and 4 +/- 0.5 degrees C and 90 +/- 5% relative humidity (RH) for 6 months in cold storage and were analyzed every month. In addition, hawthorn fruits were kept at 20 +/- 0.5 degrees C and 75 +/- 5% RH for 7 days, and their shelf life was investigated at monthly intervals. Weight loss, appearance, the incidence of physiological disorders and fungal decay, fruit skin color, firmness, total soluble solids (TSS) content, titratable acidity (TA), TSS/TA ratio, pH, sensory evaluation, vitamin C, sugar profile (glucose, fructose, and sucrose), total antioxidant scavenging capacity, total phenolics, total flavonoids, and total anthocyanins were determined during storage and shelf life. According to the results, firmness was the most prominent criterion in determining the harvest time. The second week of September was determined as the optimum harvest time for the Sultan hawthorn cultivar. Weight loss during storage was higher at 4 degrees C (14.34%) compared to 0 degrees C (9.07%). The results showed that this cultivar can retain most of the fruit quality and phytochemical attributes when stored at 4 degrees C and 85-90% RH for 3 months, and 0 degrees C and 85-90% RH for 4 months. Further studies are required to expand our knowledge of sophisticated techniques to maintain the fruit quality of hawthorn during long-term storage.
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    Integrative Effects of Foliar Biostimulant Applications on Physiology, Nutrient Balance, and Kernel Composition of Almonds in Deficit Irrigated Orchards Under Semi-Arid Conditions
    (Springer, 2026) Karaat, Firat Ege; Kutsal, Ibrahim Kutalmis; Denizhan, Hasan; Karahan, Ramazan Bestami
    Abiotic challenges in semi-arid orchards, including high temperatures and water limitations, can disrupt almond physiology, nutrient balance, and kernel quality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of different foliar-applied stress-regulating compounds in mitigating oxidative stress and improving physiological performance, nutrient balance, and kernel quality of almond (Prunus dulcis [Mill.] D.A. Webb) trees under semi-arid field conditions. This study evaluated the effects of foliar-applied proline, salicylic acid, a seaweed extract-based biostimulant, and vitamins, amino acids, proteins, betaines, and growth regulators enriched biostimulant on almond trees cultivated under contrasting semi-arid field conditions. Key physiological parameters (photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, leaf temperature, malondialdehyde), leaf macronutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, K/Na ratio), and kernel morphometric and chemical traits (kernel size, kernel ratio, crude oil content, fatty acid profile) were assessed. The seaweed extract-based biostimulant provided the most consistent improvements, including reductions in leaf temperature, enhanced photosynthetic rate (up to +15%), increased leaf proline content, and improved kernel oil accumulation (+8.6%) with a more favorable fatty acid profile (higher oleic, lower linoleic acids). Salicylic acid notably improved K/Na ratio (up to 150.97), whereas proline reduced lipid peroxidation (-27% MDA), reflecting distinct mechanisms of action. Principal component analysis (PC1 + PC2: 75.2% variance) and correlation mapping highlighted strong associations between photosynthetic performance, proline metabolism, ionic balance, and kernel oil traits. These findings indicate that biostimulant-based interventions, particularly seaweed-derived formulations, can support integrated physiological resilience and kernel quality, offering practical solutions for almond production in semi-arid environments.