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    CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, PHENOLIC, ANTIOXIDANT, AND BIO-HERBICIDAL PROPERTIES OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF ROSEMARY (Rosmarinus officinalis L.)
    (Univ Life Sciences Lublin, 2022) Gokbulut, Incilay; Karaman, Yucel; Tursun, Ayse Ozlem
    The essential oil yield was obtained from the rosemary plant at the rate of 0.93 mL/100 g, and 1,8-cineol, camphor, isoborneol, alpha-pinene were identified as the highest component. While the total phenolic content in the essential oil of the rosemary plant was 13.87 mg GAE/g (DW) and the IC50 value was 15.02 mu g extract mL(-1), the DPPH antioxidant activity value was obtained as 38.43%. For the investigation of herbicidal effect of the essential oils on seed germination , different doses (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 and 16.0 mu L Petri(-1)) were used on 2 crop plants (pepper and wheat) and 4 weeds: (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.), (Amaranthus albus L.), (Avena fatua L.) and (Sinapis arvensis L.). It was determined that as the applied amount of essential oil increased, the germination of the seeds was more suppressed. The highest effect of essential oil was detected in 16 mu l Petri(-1) dose application in all treated seeds.
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    Determining the critical period for weed control in summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.): A comparative study across two locations
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Karaman, Yucel; Ozlem Tursun, Ayse; Turkmen, Musa; Tursun, Nihat
    Summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) is an important medicinal and aromatic plant valued for its essential oil content and its use in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. Weed competition is one of the major challenges in the cultivation of this plant. The aim of this study was to determine the critical period for weed control (CPWC) and to evaluate the impact of weed competition on yield and essential oil composition in two different locations (A and B). The dominant weed species were Tribulus terrestris, Amaranthus retroflexus, Xanthium strumarium, Portulaca oleracea and Sorghum halepense. The highest values for yield parameters including essential oil yield, fresh and dry biomass, dry leaf yield and plant height were recorded in the weed-free plots, while the lowest values were observed in the continuously weedy plots. Weed interference caused significant yield losses ranging from 51.0% to 78.7% depending on the location. Based on a 5% acceptable yield loss threshold, CPWC ranged from 7 days after sowing to harvest at Location A (106-1237 growing degree days, GDD), and from 10 to 37 days after sowing at Location B (160-759 GDD). Essential oil yield was highest in weed-free plots (41.19-60.27 L ha-1) and lowest in continuously weedy plots (14.01-29.67 L ha-1). The major constituents of the essential oil were carvacrol (32.3-61.5%) and gamma-terpinene (16.4-28.9%), both of which were affected by weed competition. These results demonstrate the importance of early weed control due to the low competitive ability of summer savory to improve both yield and essential oil quality in S. hortensis production.
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    Efficacy of glyphosate and 2,4-D on Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) under high carbon dioxide and elevated temperature conditions
    (Univ Agriculture, Fac Veterinary Science, 2024) Karaman, Yucel; Tursun, Nihat
    Field bindweed ( Convolvulus arvensis L.) is an important invasive weed in many countries around the globe. This Eurasian species has become a significant agricultural weed in Turkey. Climate change involve increasing atmospheric temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, and an increase in unpredictable extreme weather events are now forecast for most areas of the world. Increasing temperature and carbon dioxide in the world along with climate change increases the damage of weeds in agricultural areas and precautions need to be taken for this.In 2018-19, studies were carried out in a fully automated greenhouse using different atmospheric CO2 concentrations and temperature levels to determine the impact on growth and efficacy of glyphosate and 2,4-D on field bindweed. This study had four treatments i) 26/16 +/- 1 degrees C (day/night temperature) plus 400 +/- 50 ppm (CO2 concentration) [control], ii) 26/16 +/- 1 degrees C plus 800 +/- 50 ppm CO2 , iii) 29/19 +/- 1 degrees C plus 400 +/- 50 ppm CO2 , iv) 29/19 +/- 1 degrees C plus 800 +/- 50 ppm CO2 . Field bindweed growth viz. plant length, fresh and dry weight increased under elevated temperature and CO2 concentration. For the effectiveness of glyphosate (for ED50), a dose of 156 ga.i.ha -1 was required under control conditions (26 +/- 1 degrees C plus 400 ppm), however under an increased temperature and CO2 concentration (29 +/- 1 degrees C plus 800ppm) a dose of 285 ga.i.ha -1 was determined to be necessary. For the effectiveness of 2,4-D (for ED50), a dose of 111 g a.i.ha -1 was required under control conditions (26 +/- 1 degrees C plus 400 ppm), while in the increased temperature and CO2 concentration (29 +/- 1 degrees C plus 800 ppm) 96 ga.i.h -1 was determined to be necessary.
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    Growth of weeds and their chemical control under climate change conditions
    (Inst Ochrony Roslin, Panstwowy Inst Badawczy, 2025) Tursun, Nihat; Jabran, Khawar; Bozdogan, Olcay; Karaman, Yucel
    Climate change has a great influence on weed growth and susceptibility of weeds to herbicides. This study determined the effect of six herbicides on three weed species under different CO2 concentrations and temperature levels. The weeds in the study were: (i) wild oat (Avena fatua), (ii) lambsquarter (Chenopodium album), and (iii) wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis). The herbicides used in this study were: (i) 240 g . l(-1) clodinafop-propargyl, (ii) 3% mesosulfuron-methyl + 0.6% iodosulfuron-methyl sodium + 9% mefenpyr-diethyl, (iii) 40 g . l(-1) nicosulfuron, (iv) 480 g . l(-1) glyphosate isopropylamine salt, (v) 75% tribenuron methyl and (vi) 3% mesosulfuron-methyl + 0.6% iodosulfuron-methyl sodium + 9% mefenpyr-diethyl + 300 g . l(-1) bromoxynil + 300 g . l(-1) MCPA. The study was carried out in a fully automated greenhouse which could be adjusted with desired CO2 concentration and temperature. The weeds were exposed to three different temperatures (day/night 26/16 +/- 1, 29/19 +/- 1 and 32/22 +/- 1 degrees C) and CO2 (400 +/- 50, 600 +/- 50 and 800 +/- 50 ppm) levels. A temperature of 26/16 +/- 1 degrees C plus a CO2 level of 400 +/- 50 ppm was considered as the control. Results showed that 26/16 degrees C x 800 ppm CO2 produced the highest plant length (65.05 cm), plant fresh weight (7.42 g) and plant dry weight (1.31 g) for A. fatua. Similarly, for S. arvensis, the same treatment showed the highest plant length (31.63 cm), plant fresh weight (23.99 g) and plant dry weight (1.82 g) while for C. album, different climatic conditions did not show a significant effect on the growth of this weed. The ED50 values of herbicides for controlling A. fatua, C. album and S. arvensis increased (112.8, 0.6 and 199.4) with an increase in temperature and CO2 levels, respectively. It is predicted that the control of some weeds will be difficult in the climate change that includes an increase in temperature and carbon dioxide in the future.
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    The effects of organic and inorganic mulching on weed flora and composition in irrigated and non-irrigated vineyards
    (Wiley, 2025) Temel, Nazife; Torun, Hilmi; Tangolar, Serpil; Tangolar, Semih; Karaman, Yucel; Tursun, Nihat
    As climate change intensifies, sustainable vineyard management practices are critical to conserving agricultural water and finding herbicide alternatives. This study investigated the effectiveness of organic and inorganic mulch materials for weed control in vineyards under irrigated (50% water) and conditions. The experiment carried out from 2021 to 2023 at & Ccedil;ukurova University in Adana, T & uuml;rkiye, used organic mulch from mown cover crops including Lathyrus sativus L., Trifolium alexandrinum L., Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth., and Vicia sativa L. + Triticale sp. sown in rows. Inorganic mulches, namely basaltic pumice, and zeolite were applied at 75 kg m-2 and 10 cm high. The experiment was set up as a split-plot design with main plots with different water levels and subplots with organic and inorganic mulches, with three replications. The study measured weed dry biomass, and species density and diversity indices, using the Shannon-Wiener and Simpson diversity indices to assess changes in weed community composition. Discriminant analysis was also used to evaluate the relationship between mulch treatments and species composition. Over 3 years, the results showed that V. sativa + Triticale and zeolite significantly suppressed weed growth compared to herbicide (Glyphosate) application, indicating their potential as environmentally friendly alternatives. Additionally, mulching treatments altered species dominance and abundance, leading to shifts in weed community structure. These results underline the viability of using organic and inorganic mulches to enhance sustainable vineyard practices while reducing reliance on chemical herbicides, ultimately promoting environmental health in viticulture.