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    INHIBITION PROPERTIES OF CLINICALLY IMPORTANT ENZYMES IN WOUND HEALING BY BEE VENOM
    (Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum, 2024) Keskin, M.; Keskin, S.; Karlidag, S.
    Apitherapy has importance in traditional and complementary medicine practices, including applications made by directly or functionalizing honey, pollen, propolis, bee venom, and bee bread (perga) obtained from honey bee colonies. Bee venom is preferred by apitherapists and is directly applied to the body from the bee sting or used in crystalline form. Apitoxin is a product that is formed in the venom bag of bees and contains mainly apamin, melittin, MCD-peptide, hyaluronidase, histamine, and phospholipase A2. Due to its these active ingredients, bee venom is effective in arthritis, central and peripheral nervous system diseases, respiratory diseases, gastroenterology, cardiovascular system diseases, eye diseases, skin diseases, urology, endocrinology, cancer diseases, and using it in the cosmetics industry is very popular. Although bee venom is widely used directly or indirectly in apitherapy applications, it is not possible to use standardized bee venom as a drug. In this study, the amount of total protein, melittin, and phospholipase A2 amounts of bee venom samples were determined and their inhibition effects on collagenase and myeloperoxidase enzymes were examined. The mean amounts of phospholipase A2, apamin, and melittin contained in bee venom samples were found to be 46.38%+/- 0.10%, 2.19 +/- 0.11%, and 12.46 +/- 0.19%, respectively. It was determined that bee venom samples inhibited the collagenase enzyme by more than 50%. It shows that bee venom has an inhibitory effect on clinically important enzymes. However, it is necessary to conduct allergy tests before the use of the bee venom directly.
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    The effects of different industrial sugars on royal jelly production
    (Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2022) Karlidag, S.; Koseman, A.; Akyol, A.; Yil, G.; Seker, I.; Uyumlu, A. B.; Erdogan, S.
    In this study, the larval acceptance rate and the royal jelly yield in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies supplemented with different industrial sugars at different locations were determined. For this purpose, feeding groups (1. Sucrose group, 2. Glucose group, 3. Bee feed syrup group, 4. Control group) and locations (1. Battalgazi, 2. Dogansehir) were formed. In queenless colonies that produce royal jelly, in order to sustain 5-15 day-old young feeder worker bees, two sealed frames with brood from support colonies were added. The royal jelly yield was harvested seven times. Based on the location, the feeding groups, and the location x feeding groups interaction, 12600 larvae were grafted, 9054 larvae were accepted, and the larval acceptance rate was determined as 71.86%. Based on the location, feeding groups and the location x feeding group interaction, the yield per cell was calculated as 213.15 +/- 11.53 mg/ cell, the yield per colony as 6.88 +/- 0.38 g/app., and the total yield per colony as 34.40 +/- 1.91 g/colony. In the study, no statistically significant difference was determined between feeding with sucrose, bee feed and the supplementary feeding with glucose. On the other hand, it was determined that the location where the royal jelly was produced affected both the larval acceptance and the royal jelly yield.