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    Genetic Basis of Metastasis
    (Springer Science+Business Media, 2019) Moroski-Erkul, Catherine A.; Demir, Esin; Gündüz, Esra; Gündüz, Mehmet
    The variation between and among the many types of cancer presents a formidable challenge both to practicing clinicians and medical researchers. There are several characteristics that are common to all cancers such as unrestrained proliferation and evasion of cell death. Another common feature is that of metastasis. Metastasis is “initiated” when primary tumor cells acquire the ability to invade surrounding tissues and eventually develop secondary tumors in distant locations. This process appears to rely not only on changes at the genetic level of tumor cells themselves but also from their interaction with surrounding stromal cells and the immune system. The genetic and molecular changes that give rise to metastatic change are of special interest due to the significant decline in a patient’s prognosis after metastasis has occured. A host of genes and pathways involved in several pathways have been implicated in this process, several of which will be reviewed in detail. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
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    Omics of hereditary breast cancer
    (Springer India, 2014) Moroski-Erkul, Catherine A.; Yılmaz, Burak; Gündüz, Esra; Gündüz, Mehmet
    Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Although advances in our understanding of this disease have been made in the last decade, the available treatments remain inadequate, particularly for the more intractable forms of breast cancer. Hereditary or familial breast cancer poses a particularly difficult challenge as only a few susceptibility genes with high penetrance have been identified, namely, BRCA1 and BRCA2. It is now suspected that the majority of hereditary and familial breast cancers are caused by various combinations of several moderate- and/or low-penetrance genes. Recent developments in research methodologies and conceptual frameworks within biology have revolutionized the study of cancer. This systems approach, which emphasizes a holistic understanding of biological systems, is referred to generally as omics. A decade of omics research has led to the identification of many new therapeutic targets and biomarkers, allowing for more accurate and earlier diagnosis and treatment of the wide spectrum of diseases that are collectively referred to as breast cancer. Here we review the contributions of several omics fields to our understanding of hereditary and familial breast cancer, namely, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. © 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.