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    Development and psychometric evaluation of the post-disaster women's sexual and reproductive health assessment scale
    (Bmc, 2026) Okyay, Esra Karatas; Dincer, Metin; Bal, Zeynep
    Aim This study aimed to develop a standardized measurement tool with robust psychometric properties to assess women's sexual and reproductive health after disasters. Method This methodological study was conducted between May and August 2023 among sexually active women aged 18-49 living in temporary shelters (tents or containers) in earthquake-affected areas of T & uuml;rkiye (Kahramanmara & scedil;, Malatya, and Gaziantep) following the earthquakes centred in Kahramanmara & scedil; on 6 February 2023. Pregnant women and women diagnosed with psychological disorders were excluded from the study. A total of 540 women who voluntarily agreed to participate were included in the study using convenience sampling. Content validity was assessed through expert opinions, and the content validity index (I-CVI) and Kendall's W coefficient, while construct validity was assessed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) coefficient, and Bartlett's test of sphericity. Reliability was evaluated based on internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha and item-total correlation coefficients, and time-invariance was examined via a test-retest procedure. The initial pool of 28 items was reduced to a final scale consisting of 15 items based on the results of the validity and reliability analyses. Results A pool of 28 items, developed based on key principles of post-disaster women's health and a comprehensive literature review, was presented to seven midwifery experts for evaluation in terms of content and clarity. The exploratory factor analysis resulted in a structure consisting of 15 items, explaining 74.423% of post-disaster women's sexual and reproductive health assessment, and 5 factors: personal hygiene, access to healthcare personnel, contraception, sexual life, and safety. According to the confirmatory factor analysis, this structure with 15 items and 5 factors had good fit indices and was validated as a model. The Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficients for the factors ranged from 0.672 to 0.933, with an overall scale value of 0.800. Additionally, high correlations were observed in the test-retest-analysis of the scale. Conclusion A valid and reliable measurement tool to evaluate women's sexual and reproductive health after disasters was obtained in this study. This scale provides a comprehensive assessment of women's health after disasters, offering a unique and scientifically robust tool that can be utilized both in academic research and field applications, thereby making a significant contribution to the literature.
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    Effect of emotional freedom techniques on anxiety, surgical fear and birth perception in planned caesareans: A randomised controlled trial
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2026) Okyay, Esra Karatas; Santur, Sinem Guven; Ozsahin, Zeliha; Derya, Yesim Aksoy
    Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of emotional freedom techniques (EFT) applied before cesarean section on anxiety, surgical fear and perception of traumatic birth. Method: This randomized controlled trial was conducted with 106 pregnant women (53 EFT, 53 control) at the pregnancy outpatient clinic of a public hospital in eastern T & uuml;rkiye who were going to give birth by planned cesarean section. Personal Information Form, State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I), Surgical Fear Scale (SFQ), Traumatic Birth Perception Scale (TBPS) and Subjective Experiences Scale (SUE) were used to obtain the data. Pregnant women in the experimental group received two EFT sessions one week apart, from the researchers. The control group did not receive any intervention. Descriptive statistics, Pearson chi-square test, t-test for dependent and independent groups, ANCOVA and repeated measures analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. Results: It was determined that the mean scores of the pregnant women in the experimental and control groups who would give birth by planned cesarean section were similar in the pretest phase (p > 0.05). After the EFT sessions applied to the pregnant women in the experimental group, it was found that the mean total scores of STAI-I, SFQ, and TBPS were statistically significantly lower and the mean SUE score was higher than the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It was determined that EFT applied to pregnant women who will give birth by planned cesarean section decreased state anxiety, surgical fear and traumatic birth perception.
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    The effect of emotional freedom techniques on menopausal symptoms, quality of life, and depression level: a randomized sham-controlled trial
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2026) Okyay, Esra Karatas; Santur, Sinem Guven; Ozsahin, Zeliha; Ay, Cigdem Karakayali
    Objective: This study examined the effect of a symptom management program developed based on story theory on vasomotor symptoms and sleep quality in postmenopausal women. Methods: The research was conducted as a mixed methods study using an interventional design, one of the advanced mixed methods designs. The study population consisted of postmenopausal women who presented to 5 family health centers. A total of 76 women were enrolled, with 38 in the experimental group and 38 in the control group. The symptom management program developed based on story theory was applied individually to women in the experimental group. A personal information form, the Menopause Symptoms Assessment Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and a story theory-based semistructured interview form were employed as data collection tools. The independent 2-sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, generalized linear model, Tukey test, and Robust ANOVA test were used for the analysis of quantitative data, while content analysis was applied to qualitative data. Results: The Menopause Symptoms Assessment Scale total and subdimension scores and the total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score were lower in the experimental group than in the control group at the end of the program. Six themes were identified in the study: thoughts about menopause, symptoms experienced during menopause, perception of femininity in menopause, the effect of menopause on daily life, coping with menopause, and expectations in menopause. Conclusions: The program reduced vasomotor symptoms and improved sleep quality among the postmenopausal women in the experimental group.