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    Adaptation and Validation of the Post-Pandemic Health Promotion Behavior of Young Adults in the Digital Age (PS-SGD) Scale in the Turkish Population
    (Mdpi, 2024) Koc, Mustafa Can; Yildirim, Elif; Ozdurak Singin, Rabia Hurrem; Talaghir, Laurentiu-Gabriel; Iconomescu, Teodora Mihaela; Karakas, Nese
    Background: Young adulthood is a critical developmental period in which individuals establish life-long health behaviors and take responsibility for their own health care. Health promotion strategies tailored to young adults, leveraging digital tools, and addressing challenges exacerbated by events like the COVID-19 pandemic are needed. The aim of this study was to adapt the post-pandemic health promotion behavior of young adults in the digital age (PS-SGD) scale to the Turkish population in order to assess and compare the health behavior of young adults after the pandemic. Methods: A total of 312 participants, aged between 19 and 29 years, were included in the study via non-probabilistic criterion sampling, while the Turkish adaptation process started with translation and back translation methods performed with three language and two health science experts. For statistical analysis, EFA and CFA were conducted to evaluate internal consistency and structural validity. Confirmatory factor analysis was utilized to confirm the structure of the six sub-dimensions. Additionally, measurement invariance was examined regarding participants' gender to determine if the scale accurately captured similar traits across diverse groups. The relationship between the test-retest data was tested by Pearson correlation to measure consistency and its invariance over time. Results: The gender distribution of the sample was found to be 61.3% female and 38.7% male. According to the results of EFA, items 8 and 18 were removed from the Turkish-adapted version. As a result of the reliability analysis conducted with the Turkish version of the scale, the Cronbach alpha coefficient was obtained as 0.851 for the post-pandemic health promotion behavior. Additionally, the scale was rated as reliable with the following Cronbach alpha values: 0.79 for the personal hygiene, 0.78 for dietary habits, 0.72 for using mobile devices, 0.70 for emotional health, 0.68 for health care and physical activity, and 0.51 for social health sub-dimensions. To examine the six sub-dimension factor structures of the scale, fit indices were calculated as chi 2/df (1.722), GFI (0.894), IFI (0.908), TLI (0.892), CFI (0.907), RMSEA (0.048), and SRMR (0.057) and were within acceptable limits. Findings of the multi-group confirmatory factor analysis for measurement invariance were less than or equal to 0.01 for the triangle CFI and triangle RMSEA values across all indices. Consequently, it was observed that the item-factor structure, factor loadings, variances, covariances, and error variances of the scale were equivalent for both male and female young adults, while test-retest results showed a high positive correlation. Conclusions: The Turkish version of the post-pandemic health promotion behavior scale of young adults in the digital age scale, consisting of 25 items and six subscales, was proven to be a valid and reliable tool to measure health promotion behavior in young adults aged 19-29 years.
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    Perceived helicopter parenting and its association with coping skills and stress appraisals in Turkish youth athletes
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2025) Denizci, Tuba; Ozdurak Singin, Rabia Hurrem; Kaya, Hakan; Talaghir, Laurentiu-Gabriel; Iconomescu, Teodora Mihaela; Bentea, Cristina Corina
    Introduction: Helicopter parenting (HP), characterized by overinvolved behaviors, may impact young athletes' psychological skills. This study aimed to examine the relationship between perceived HP, athletic coping skills, and stress appraisals (challenge and threat) in Turkish competitive youth athletes aged 13-15 years. Methods: A total of 398 competitive youth athletes participated, with 302 categorized into HP (n = 51) or regular parenting (RP, n = 251) groups. The Perceived Helicopter Parenting Scale, Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28, and Challenge and Threat in Sport Scale were administered at two time points: during a training session and within 30 minutes before a competitive event. Mann-Whitney U-tests and repeated-measures ANOVA were used for analysis. Results: Athletes with HP parents reported significantly lower total coping skills (p = 0.001) and lower scores on all subscales except coachability (p < 0.05) compared to those with RP parents. Before competitions, HP athletes exhibited lower challenge (p < 0.001) and higher threat appraisals (p = 0.001), with no differences observed during training. Discussion: Perceived HP is associated with reduced coping skills and heightened threat appraisals in competitive contexts, highlighting the need for interventions to promote balanced parental involvement in youth sports.
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    Post-seismic indoor radon exposure in ground-floor gyms: amplified health risk during physical exercise
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2026) Baler, Serdar; Ozdurak Singin, Rabia Hurrem; Denizci, Tuba; Agascioglu, Eda Akkiz
    Earthquakes trigger geophysical changes that enhance the release and upward migration of radon-222, potentially elevating indoor radon concentrations in ground-contact buildings well above pre-seismic baseline levels during disaster recovery phases. Although radon carcinogenesis, earthquake-related radon anomalies, and exercise physiology have each been extensively studied in isolation, their convergence in high-occupancy ground-floor gymnasiums has not previously been examined. This paper advances and evaluates the following hypothesis: post-seismic indoor radon accumulation in ground-floor gymnasiums, when combined with exercise-induced increases in pulmonary ventilation, produces internal radiation doses that substantially exceed those predicted by standard concentration-based radon reference levels, representing a disproportionate and under-recognized lung cancer risk for physically active populations during earthquake recovery. To evaluate this hypothesis, we synthesize evidence across earthquake geophysics, exercise physiology, and radon dosimetry. Pre-earthquake indoor radon concentrations of 50-300 Bq/m3 reflect documented baseline levels; post-earthquake concentrations of 500-1,000 Bq/m3 represent plausible elevations supported by documented post-seismic soil-gas and groundwater anomalies and earthquake-induced building envelope damage. Three user profiles are modeled: a casual visitor (control; dose conversion factor, DCF = 6.9 nSv/(Bq & centerdot;h & centerdot;m-3); 130-260 h/y), a recreational gym user (DCF = 11 nSv/(Bq & centerdot;h & centerdot;m-3); 130-260 h/y), and an elite endurance athlete (DCF = 14 nSv/(Bq & centerdot;h & centerdot;m-3); 800-1,200 h/y). Vigorous exercise increases minute ventilation 5-15-fold and shifts breathing to predominantly oral, amplifying radon progeny inhalation dose approximately 2-fold relative to rest at the same concentration. Model-based illustrations indicate that elite athletes training at post-earthquake concentrations of 500-1,000 Bq/m3 may accumulate estimated annual effective doses of 5.6-16.8 mSv/y, substantially exceeding average annual natural background radiation of 1.0-1.8 mSv/y. Session duration and exercise intensity are identified as immediately modifiable risk factors, with 30-min session reductions capable of halving annual dose for recreational users. These findings suggest that standard concentration-based radon guidelines substantially underestimate lung cancer risk for physically active populations in post-earthquake environments because they do not account for exercise-induced physiological amplification of dose. Proactive post-earthquake radon screening in ground-floor gymnasiums, activity-specific temporary exposure guidance, and integration of radon-resistant measures into seismic building codes represent cost-effective and actionable mitigation strategies.
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    The relationship between risk sources and sports injuries: A retrospective study
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2025) Denizci, Tuba; Calbiyik, Murat; Ozdurak Singin, Rabia Hurrem
    Since sports injuries, which constitute a significant portion of injuries in the emergency department, might cause permanent disability, pain, loss of work force and significant costs, it is important to identify the risk sources that cause these injuries. This retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted with 1565 patients, aged 18 to 45, who applied to a single health institution with an acute sports injury due to recreational sports between 2015 and 2018. Data was collected via anamnesis, files, and scans of the patients, while missing data was obtained via telephone interview. Descriptive statistics was presented as mean +/- standard deviation (minimum-maximum) and frequency and percentage. Correlations were analyzed with Freeman-Halton Fisher's Exact Chi-Square as the variables were more than 2 x 2. Bonferroni was applied to determine the relationship between the variables at the level of absolute significance and to control the Type I error rate, and the exact relationship between the variables was determined with the P value obtained. Of the 1565 traumatized cases with a mean age of 33.20 +/- 6.91, 1373 were male, 192 female. Loss of work force was 30 (10-30, 95% confidence interval: 33.50-36.37) days. It was determined that 976 of the injuries were in the carpet pitch (CP), 240 fitness center, 191 indoor sports hall, 105 open sports fields and 53 municipality cultural center facilities. Most of the injuries occurred in the autumn and winter seasons. It was determined that the patients mostly did insufficient warming up. The injuries mostly occurred on the CP, the lower extremities were mostly affected and anterior cruciate ligament rupture injury was observed frequently. As a risk source of injuries in sports performed for recreational purposes, CPs cause lower extremity injuries and traumas that result in loss of work force, significant economic burden and a decrease in the quality of life in young people. Standardized maintenance of artificial turf pitches is crucial to reduce injury risks. Further prospective studies with greater sample size focused on risk sources in detail are needed to prevent sport injuries in recreational athletes.