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Öğe Biochar applications and enzyme activity, carbon dioxide emission, and carbon sequestration in a calcareous soil(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2024) Sakin, Erdal; Yanardag, Ibrahim Halil; Ramazanoglu, Emrah; Dari, Biswanath; Sihi, DebjaniBiochar is a carbon-rich product obtained by biomass pyrolysis and is considered as a means of carbon sequestration. However, there is limited knowledge regarding responses of soil respiration and C-cycle enzyme activities to BC in a calcareous soil. In this study, different biochar AS, TS, PP, CS were applied to the soil at different rates (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%) The highest increase in soil organic C content was observed in the TS treatment, while the AS treatment caused a slight increase of soil organic C. The highest MBC content was recorded in AS treatment and the lowest was observed in TS. The highest CO2-C emission was recorded in the TS treatment. In contrast, the lowest CO2-C emission was observed in the PP treatment due to its high recalcitrant C content and was attributed to a positive priming effect, stabilizing BC mineralization to improve the soil. The highest beta-galactosidase enzyme activity was observed in the CS treatment and the lowest activity was observed in AS. The highest change in beta-glycosidase enzyme activity was observed of PP treatment and the lowest was in AS biochar application. Thus, TS treatment is recommended to increase the organic C content of soils, and the PP biochar can be used to reduce CO2-C emission. The TS, PP, and CS can be applied to increase enzyme activities. The study clearly shows that the addition of BC to arid soils may have a high potential to improve soil enzyme activities and subsequent carbon sequestration and biochemical cycles.Öğe Comparison of Biological Indicators of Soil Quality of Horticultural Crops Based on No-tillage and Non-synthetic Systems(Springer, 2023) Celik, Ahmet; Kilic, Mirac; Ramazanoglu, Emrah; Belliturk, Korkmaz; Sakin, ErdalThe aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial biomass carbon content, microbial biomass nitrogen content and enzyme activities of soils sampled in February, May and September 2018 as well as in February 2019. In soils where different horticulture crops grow, soil microbial carbon (Cmic) and nitrogen content (Nmic), macro- and micronutrients and soil enzyme activities were determined through statistical evaluations. Mean Cmic and Nmic values showed statistically significant seasonal fluctuations. In addition, the Nmic levels of the soils in the winter sampling were lower than those collected in the spring and summer months. The highest soil dehydrogenase enzyme activity was found in apple and date palm orchards, and the lowest in olive orchards. Soil urease enzyme activity varied between cultivars. Cherry and plum orchard soils have the highest and lowest urease enzyme activity. The results of this study revealed that the biological properties of the soil, which is the most sensitive indicator of soil quality, are positively affected in horticultural agriculture without soil tillage and synthetic application with an environmentally friendly approach, and that the biological properties of different fruit trees vary under the same conditions.Öğe Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Biochar on Cotton Plants: A Comprehensive Study(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2025) Ramazanoglu, Emrah; Yanardag, Ibrahim Halil; Sakin, Erdal; Beyyavas, Vedat; Cevheri, Cevher Ilhan; Cun, Suat; Yanardag, Asuman BuyukkilicThis study aims to investigate the effects of the combined treatment of biochar (BC) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on cotton plants, focusing on morphological and physiological characteristics, nutrient content, and soil enzyme activities. The study examined the effects of different biochar doses in mycorrhiza-inoculated (M +) and non-inoculated (M -) treatments (0% BC + 200 kg N ha(-1), 1.5% BC + 200 kg N ha(-1), 3% BC + 200 kg N ha(-1)). The results showed that the highest SPAD value (34.66%) was observed in the M( +) + 3.0% BC treatments. NDVI values increased by 25.29% in M( +) + 3.0% BC treatments. M( +) treatment increased the N, NO3-, and soil enzyme activity was higher in the M( +) treatment. However, enzyme activity decreased as BC dose increased in both M( +) and M( -) treatments, with the most significant decrease observed in the 3.0% BC treatments. Nitrate reductase enzyme activity (NRA) decreased in all treatments except the 3.0% biochar treatment. M( +) treatment increased soil urease content by 27.24% compared to the M( -) treatment. Additionally, plant height, root length, nodule count, and spore number increased with increasing biochar doses, with the highest increase observed in the M( +) + 3.0% BC treatments. Positive correlations were found between SPAD, NDVI, and nutrients such as Fe, Cu, Mn, and root attributes. Negative correlations were observed with Mg and CAT enzyme activity. Urease, DHG, and CAT enzyme activities decreased significantly with increasing BC doses, particularly in M( +) treatments. Biochar and AMF co-treatment enhanced growth, root parameters, spore count, NDVI, SPAD, and soil and plant enzyme activities in cotton plants. The combined treatment of biochar and AMF is beneficial for cotton production. The findings of this research have significant potential implications for sustainable cotton production and soil management practices, particularly in optimizing mycorrhiza and biochar to enhance soil fertility, improve water retention, and reduce the need for chemical fertilizers.Öğe Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Biochar on Cotton Plants: A Comprehensive Study (apr,10.1007/s42729-025-02350-x,2025)(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2025) Ramazanoglu, Emrah; Yanardag, Ibrahim Halil; Sakin, Erdal; Beyyavas, Vedat; Cevheri, Cevher Ilhan; Cun, Suat; Yanardag, Asuman Buyukkilic[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Enzyme activities and heavy metal interactions in calcareous soils under different land uses(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2024) Sakin, Erdal; Yanardag, Ibrahim Halil; Ramazanoglu, Emrah; Yalcin, HamzaNovelty statementSoil health and quality, chemical degradation and restoration processes, and soils contaminated with heavy metals or potentially polluted can be good indicators of ecosystem functioning. This study was carried out with the belief that the interaction of enzymes with heavy metals in this type of soil will be revealed in detail and will shed light on such studies to be done in the future. This study was carried out to examine the interaction of enzyme activities, microbial biomass carbon, and CO2 respiration with heavy metals under different land uses in terms of quality and sustainability of the soil. There is a statistically significant positive correlation between dehydrogenase enzyme activity and Mn, Pb, Cd, and Co, while it was negative between Cr. There was a positive correlation between catalase enzyme activity and Mn and Pb and between urease and Co. The higher interaction of dehydrogenase activity with heavy metals, which is included in the endo enzyme group, has been explained as a much stronger effect of heavy metals on living microorganisms and endoenzymes than extracellular enzymes stabilized on clay minerals and organic matter. The high clay content of the soil is thought to reduce some of the negative effects of heavy metals on enzymes. The results of this study may be good indicators of enzyme activities, especially dehydrogenase, catalase, and urease, for soil health and quality, chemical degradation and restoration processes, and ecosystem functioning in soils contaminated or to be contaminated with heavy metals. It shows that the activities of these enzymes are very sensitive and can decrease rapidly in case of high concentrations of heavy metals.Öğe Nutrient management in calcareous soils under semi-arid environments: effects on cotton productivity and soil health(Bmc, 2026) Beyyavas, Vedat; Kara, Hasan; Sakin, Erdal; Yanardag, Ibrahim Halil; Cun, Suat; Firat, Zemzem; Ramazanoglu, EmrahIn calcareous and alkaline soils, the availability of essential nutrients is limited, leading to substantial reductions in both yield and fiber quality in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production. This study investigated the effects of different combinations of sulfur (S), zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), potassium sulfate (K2SO4), and urea on cotton yield and soil health in a two-year field experiment conducted under the conditions of the & Scedil;anl & imath;urfa-Harran (T & uuml;rkiye) Plain during the 2023-2024 growing seasons. Six different treatments were applied via soil and foliar application methods, and yield parameters (seed cotton yield, boll number, SPAD value), soil properties (pH, EC, CaCO3), and enzyme activities (catalase, urease, dehydrogenase) were evaluated. Results indicated that the combined application of elemental sulfur + ZnSO4 + K2SO4 + urea increased seed cotton yield by up to 32.9% compared with the control plots, while reducing soil pH by 4.3% and CaCO3 content by 20.8%. Moreover, catalase and urease activities exhibited changes of up to 29.7% and 15.3%, respectively. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Partial Least Squares (PLS), and Soil Health Index (SHI) assessments revealed strong positive associations between yield, SPAD values, and microbial enzyme activities. These findings demonstrate that the integrated use of sulfur and micronutrients not only enhance cotton productivity but also contributes to improving overall soil health.
