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    Mitigating Salt Stress in Cotton through Biochar Amendments: Effects on growth, Oxidative Stress, and Microbial Activity
    (Springer Int Publ Ag, 2026) Sarioglu, Ali; Cun, Suat; Firat, Zemzem; Sakin, Erdal; Beyyavas, Vedat; Yanardag, Ibrahim Halil
    PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of tobacco-derived biochar in mitigating salt stress in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) by assessing its impact on physiological growth parameters, oxidative stress indicators, and soil microbial activity under greenhouse conditions.MethodsA greenhouse experiment was conducted using saline and non-saline soils, with biochar applied at three doses (8, 16, and 24 g kg- 1 soil) in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Measurements included plant growth traits (root and shoot length, biomass, SPAD values, stomatal conductance), oxidative stress markers (H2O2, MDA, proline), antioxidant enzyme activities (APX, POD, CAT), and soil enzyme activities (catalase, urease, dehydrogenase).ResultsUnder saline conditions, biochar application at 24 g kg- 1 significantly improved cotton root and shoot biomass by 30% and 25%, respectively. SPAD values and stomatal conductance increased, while H2O2 and MDA levels decreased. Antioxidant enzyme activities and microbial enzyme levels were enhanced by up to 40%, demonstrating the positive role of biochar in alleviating salt-induced oxidative stress and improving soil health.ConclusionBiochar, particularly at higher doses, enhances cotton resilience to salinity stress by improving physiological performance and microbial activity. These results highlight the potential of biochar as a sustainable soil amendment for saline agriculture.
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    Performance of Gyttja Applications to Ameliorate Saline and Non-saline Soils and Enhance Cotton Plant Growth
    (Springer Int Publ Ag, 2025) Sarioglu, Ali; Yanardag, Ibrahim Halil; Cun, Suat; Sakin, Erdal; Beyyavas, Vedat
    Purpose This study examines gyttja's impact on cotton growth, oxidative stress, and soil microbial activity under saline and non-saline conditions. Methods The experiments were conducted under saline (SS) and non-saline (NS) soil conditions. Fiona cotton variety was used as the plant material. The treatments included control (non-application), gd8 (8 g), gd16 (16 g), gd24 (24 g), SS, SS + gd8, SS + gd16, and SS + gd24. Results Gyttja applications significantly improved plant growth and stress tolerance. In non-saline soil, gyttja enhanced root and shoot development, with the highest dose (gd24) increasing root length by 26.5% and shoot weight by 54.7%. In saline soil, it effectively mitigated salt stress, leading to a 62.1% increase in root length and a 142.3% increase in root weight. Additionally, the application reduced oxidative stress by lowering hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels while increasing proline accumulation. The gd24 treatment reduced H2O2 by 35% and MDA by 29% under saline conditions. Soil microbial activity was also significantly enhanced, with catalase increasing by 346% and urease by 38.2%, contributing to improved soil health and nutrient cycling. These findings suggest that gyttja is a promising organic amend-ment for improving plant resilience and productivity, particularly under saline conditions. Conclusions These results suggest that gyttja can be an effective soil amendment that supports plant health and improves soil quality.