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    Protective Effects of Hesperidin and Salicylic Acid on Lemna minor L. Exposed to Evercion Yellow Textile Dye
    (2025) AKBULUT, Gülçin BEKER; TURHAN, DUYGU OZHAN; KIVILCIM, F.Nilüfer; Gültek, Ahmet; Yigit, Emel
    Hesperidin (HES) is a flavonone glycoside from the flavonoid family that is present in citrus species. It has potent anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties. In times of stress, the phenolic chemical salicylic acid (SA), also known as a plant hormone, functions as a signal molecule, controlling the plant's reaction and maintaining its survival. For the removal of numerous harmful chemicals, phytoremediation, sometimes referred to as green reclamation, is an efficient, affordable, environmentally benign, and simple procedure. Duckweed (Lemna minor L.) is an important bioindicator species in phytoremediation study. Following the application of 75 ppm, 150 ppm, and 300 ppm reactive dye Evercion yellow 1X, the effects of 0.5 mM SA and 0.5 mM hesperidin on duckweed (L. minor L.) were examined in this study. The use of 0.5 mM SA against stress boosted the activities of peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Additionally, total glutathione (GSH), total chlorophyll, and carotenoid content were altered by SA treatment. Similar to the SA application, the application of HES was effective in lowering stress. Lipid peroxidation content measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) content was found to be higher than the control groups. Results suggest that SA plays a positive role in L. minor against Evercion yellow 1X.
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    Synthesis of Gum Arabic-Based Biopolymer Network and Determination of Its Toxicity Properties in In Vitro - In Vivo Model Systems
    (2024) AÇARI, İDİL KARACA; TURHAN, DUYGU OZHAN; KURUÇAY, Ali; Koytepe, Suleyman; Ates, Burhan
    In this study, gum arabic based network polymers were prepared using epoxy functional PEG structures. The basic physicochemical properties of these structures, their structural characterization, thermal properties and morphological properties were investigated. Toxicity properties of constructs synthesized on zebrafish (Danio rerio (Hamilton)) offspring were determined in vivo. In addition, in vitro toxicity tests were performed on L929 fibroblast cells. When the general properties of these structures were examined. Structural and thermal properties were better with increasing cross-linker rates ratios (1%, 3%, 5%). According to the toxicity test performed on zebrafish juveniles; GA-PEG-Epox (1%) constructs are non-toxic to zebrafish juveniles. The mortality rate of GA-PEG-Epox (3%) and GA-PEG-Epox (5%) structures was observed as 12.5% and 20.8%, respectively. It was observed that the structures were not toxic to zebrafish juveniles. MTT test performed on L929 fibroblast cells, high cell viability (>90%) was observed in all synthesized structures. These results are evaluated as Grade 1 according to ISO standards.