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    Examination of the correlation between emotional intelligence and prosocial behavior of physical education and sports school students doing individual and team sports
    (Elsevier, 2025) Sezer, Burcu Sila; Tutal, Varol
    The purpose of this study was to examine the association between emotional intelligence and prosocial behavior levels among university students enrolled in Schools of Physical Education and Sports who participate in individual and team sports. The relational screening model, a quantitative research tool, was employed in the study. The study group comprises of students enrolled in the 2021-2022 academic year. The research was carried out with the voluntary participation of 542 university students, and the Revised Schutte Scale developed by Schutte et al. (1998) and adapted to Turkish by Tatar, Tok, Saltukoglu (2011), the Positive Social Behavior Scale developed by Carol and Randall (2002) and adapted by Kumru et al. (2004), and the personal information form consisting of seven questions were used in the data collection phase. In the analysis of the research data, the t-test analysis method was used to determine whether there was a difference between the groups, and the correlation test was used to determine the relationship. In the research findings, it was determined that there was a significant difference in the sub-dimensions of using emotions and optimism/mood according to gender. The gender variable revealed a significant difference in public positive social conduct, anonymous positive social behavior, immediate positive social behavior, emotional positive social behavior, obedient positive social behavior, and the total scale. There was a substantial difference in the obedient good social conduct subdimension among the sports types studied. As a consequence, positive moderately significant associations were found between emotional intelligence and positive social behavior traits. This finding indicates that improving university students' emotional intelligence has a modestly beneficial impact on pleasant social behaviors.
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    Perception of social support and psychological well-being among mothers of individuals with intellectual disabilities: the mediating role of self-efficacy
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2026) Ozoglu, Fatma; Karatas, Emine Ozturk; Duyan, Mehdi; Celik, Talip; Tutal, Varol; Ilkim, Mehmet; Sadir, Yunus
    Background: The aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between social support perception and psychological well-being among mothers of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Methods: A correlational survey model was used in this study in line with the research objectives. The study group consisted of mothers of individuals with intellectual disabilities (n=80) in two central districts of Malatya province. Convenience sampling was employed in the study. The Psychological Well-being Scale was used to measure the psychological well-being of the participating mothers, the Perceived Support Scale for Families of Children with Disabilities was used to measure their perceived levels of social support, and the Parental Self-Efficacy Scale was used to measure their self-efficacy. In addition, a personal information form was used to introduce the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the variables, and the normality assumption was examined using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests. The relationships between the variables were evaluated using Pearson's product-moment correlation analysis. Mediation analyses were performed using the PROCESS Macro (Model 4) developed by Hayes, and the significance of indirect effects was tested using the bootstrap method (5000 samples). The internal consistency reliability of the scales used in this study sample was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: There are positive and significant relationships between each of the perceived social support sub-dimensions of appreciation, informational, emotional, and companionship and self-efficacy (r = 0.28-0.36; p <0.05). A positive and significant relationship was also found between the total perceived social support score and self-efficacy (r = 0.37, p <0.01). In contrast, no direct significant relationships were found between perceived social support and its sub-dimensions and psychological well-being (p> 0.05). Psychological well-being showed only a moderate, positive and significant relationship with self-efficacy (r = 0.45, p <0.01). Conclusions: In conclusion, it can be said that the relationship between perceived social support and psychological well-being is not direct, but indirect, mediated by self-efficacy.