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    Anti-infective effect of Aquilaria malaccensis L. essential oil against Candida strains, the leading cause of yeast infectious
    (2025) Unver, Tuba; ERENLER, SEBNEM; KIRAN, TUGBA RAIKA
    Aquilaria malaccensis L., known as Agarwood, is widely found in India, Malaysia, Bhutan, and Indonesia. It is a pleasantly scented plant used in the production of resin. It is an interesting material in the field of health due to its resin and essential oil, which exhibit antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal properties of A. malaccensis L. essential oil and determine its minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against the Candida species tested. The inhibitory effect of A. malaccensis L. essential oil was tested on five Candida species. The broth microdilution method was used to determine the MIC values against the tested microorganisms, and the viability of microorganisms exposed to the plant essential oil was assessed using resazurin sodium salt. According to the results, the MIC of the plant essential oil against Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei and Candida albicans is 62.50 µL/mL. While the MIC against Candida glabrata is 31.25 µL/mL, the MIC against Candida parapsilosis is 7.81 µL/mL. These results show the potential of A. malaccensis L. as an anti-candidal agent. The continuation of this study revealed the need for optimizing and implementing more comprehensive antimicrobial tests.
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    Comparative Analysis of Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase, and Antibacterial Activity of Microbial Chondroitin Sulfate and Commercial Chondroitin Sulfate
    (Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2023) Unver, Tuba; Erenler, Ayse Sebnem; Bingul, Murat; Boga, Mehmet
    Chondroitin synthesis was performed using the recombinant Escherichia coli(C2987) strain created by transforming the plasmid pETM6-PACF-vgb, which carries the genes responsible for chondroitin synthesis, kfoA, kfoC, kfoF, and the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene (vgb). Then, Microbial chondroitin sulfate (MCS)'s antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and antibacterial activity were compared with commercial chondroitin sulfate (CCS). The antioxidant studies revealed that the MCS and CCS samples could be potential targets for scavenging radicals and cupric ion reduction. MCS demonstrated better antioxidant properties in the ABTS assay with the IC50 value of 0.66 mg than CCS. MCS showed 2.5-fold for DPPH and almost 5-fold for ABTS(center dot)+ (with a value of 3.85 mg/mL) better activity than the CCS. However, the compounds were not active for cholinesterase enzyme inhibitions. In the antibacterial assay, the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of MCS against S. aureus, E. aerogenes, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae (0.12, 0.18, 0.12, 0.18, and 0.18 g/mL, respectively) were found to be greater than that of CCS (0.42, 0.48, 0.36, 0.36, and 0.36 g/mL, respectively). This study demonstrates that MCS is a potent pharmacological agent due to its physicochemical properties, and its usability as a therapeutic-preventive agent will shed light on future studies.