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    DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF BIOTIC STRESS CAUSED BY Puccinia Malvacearum IN Malva Sylvestris BY SOME BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2021) Temel, Mehmet; Yigit, Emel; Kabaktepe, Sanli; Akbulut, Gulcin Beker
    In this study, the effects of Puccinia malvacearum, an important rust fungus in the phylum Basidiomycota, on Malva sylvestris (mallow) were investigated. Changes in pigment content, dry weight, malondialdehyde (MDA), which is an important marker of lipid peroxidation, total phenolic content, peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes were investigated in groups infected with rust fungi and those that were not. In the infected group, an increase in pigment content was observed in samples obtained in June and July. The increase in MDA content in infected groups was also considered an indicator that caused oxidative stress in M. sylvestris. In addition, a decrease in POD activity and an increase in phenolic content were observed in the infected group. APX activity was also increased in the infected groups. Additionally, changes in the dry weight content were observed in the infected groups. Our findings showed that M. sylvestris gave important physiological and biochemical responses to oxidative stress caused by P. malvacearum. It is thought that the data obtained in this study will contribute to the elucidation of resistance mechanisms in plants exposed to fungal infection.
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    Effects of Melatonin on Morus nigra cv. 'Eksi Kara' Exposed to Drought Stress
    (2022) ÖZELÇİ, Duygu; AKBULUT, Gülçin BEKER; Yigit, Emel
    Today, drought stress threatens the world seriously. Determining the effects of some exogenous stimulators in acquiring resistance against stress will contribute to agriculture under drought stress. In this regard, we investigated the effects of melatonin (MEL) on Morus nigra cv. 'Eksi Kara' (black mulberry) in challenging drought. To reach this object, we reproduced 'Eksi Kara', which is registered in Turkey and has economic importance, in tissue culture by using the meristem culture method. Plants were then transferred in a medium containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000, which causes -1.5 MPa drought stress, and 20 ?l MEL has applied. Leaf samples were taken on the 5th, 10th, and 15th days after treatments in groups of plants grown in a different medium (Control, Control+MEL, PEG and PEG+MEL). The changes in the pigment system, relative water content (RWC) and antioxidant system were evaluated comparatively between the groups to assess plants' growth and determine their roles in coping with stress. Our findings showed that RWC decreased in leaves under drought. Exogenous MEL added in MS medium had a mitigation effect on stress. The reduction was detected in the chlorophyll and carotenoid content of leaves. Moreover, MEL+PEG combination improved the chlorophyll level. It was seen that exogenous MEL application promoted the plant defence mechanism of M. nigra plants, which exposed to drought stress, by increasing the accumulation of non- enzymatic antioxidants; total glutathione (GSH), total phenolic, proline) and activities of antioxidant enzymes; catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX). This study also indicates that the application of MEL+PEG composition partially prevented membrane lipid peroxidation by decreasing (malondialdehyde) MDA conte
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    Protective Effects of Hesperidin and Salicylic Acid on Lemna minor L. Exposed to Evercion Yellow Textile Dye
    (2025) AKBULUT, Gülçin BEKER; TURHAN, DUYGU OZHAN; KIVILCIM, F.Nilüfer; Gültek, Ahmet; Yigit, Emel
    Hesperidin (HES) is a flavonone glycoside from the flavonoid family that is present in citrus species. It has potent anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties. In times of stress, the phenolic chemical salicylic acid (SA), also known as a plant hormone, functions as a signal molecule, controlling the plant's reaction and maintaining its survival. For the removal of numerous harmful chemicals, phytoremediation, sometimes referred to as green reclamation, is an efficient, affordable, environmentally benign, and simple procedure. Duckweed (Lemna minor L.) is an important bioindicator species in phytoremediation study. Following the application of 75 ppm, 150 ppm, and 300 ppm reactive dye Evercion yellow 1X, the effects of 0.5 mM SA and 0.5 mM hesperidin on duckweed (L. minor L.) were examined in this study. The use of 0.5 mM SA against stress boosted the activities of peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Additionally, total glutathione (GSH), total chlorophyll, and carotenoid content were altered by SA treatment. Similar to the SA application, the application of HES was effective in lowering stress. Lipid peroxidation content measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) content was found to be higher than the control groups. Results suggest that SA plays a positive role in L. minor against Evercion yellow 1X.