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Öğe Comparative Analysis of Afamin, Asprosin, and Pentraxin 3 Levels in Women with PCOS and Women with Unexplained Infertility(Int Scientific Information, Inc, 2025) Derici, Mehmet Kursat; Yildirim, EnginBackground: Infertility is defined as the absence of pregnancy despite unprotected, regular sexual intercourse of couples of reproductive age for at least 1 year. Infertility may be unexplained or linked to anovulation/polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS can involve the processes of inflammation, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. This study compared serum levels of afamin, asprosin, and pentraxin3 (PTX3) between women with PCOS and women with unexplained infertility to elucidate underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Material/Methods: Our study included 106 women: 55 with unexplained infertility and 51 with PCOS. Using the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method, we assessed the levels of estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and anti-Mullerian hormone. Afamin, asprosin, and PTX3 levels were measured by ELISA. Results: Age, fasting glucose levels, and body mass index (BMI) of the groups were statistically similar. Anti-Mullerian hormone, antral follicle count, and LH levels were higher (P<0.05) in the PCOS group. Afamin and PTX3 levels were higher in the PCOS group (P<0.05), while asprosin levels were similar. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the importance of afamin associated with oxidative stress and the PTX3, which plays a role in the regulation of humoral immune responses, in the etiology of infertility cases. Afamin and PTX3 should be evaluated in ovulatory and non-ovulatory PCOS cycles to facilitate treatment and to elucidate the ovulation and implantation processes in PCOS. These recommendations specifically include dividing PCOS patients into subgroups such as diabetogenic, obese, and hirsute, and re-examining biochemical markers accordingly.Öğe Evaluation of vascular tone in patients with menorrhagia: the role of apelin and norepinephrine(Walter de Gruyter Gmbh, 2026) Guctekin, Zeynep; Erdem, Mehmet; Dogan, Umran Karabulut; Yildirim, Engin; Kiran, Tugba RaikaObjectives Menorrhagia, characterized by excessive menstrual bleeding, impacts 30 % of women of childbearing period and is frequently linked to anemia and discomfort in the pelvic region. Understanding the vascular and hormonal mechanisms underlying this condition could aid in developing non-surgical treatment options. This research focused on exploring the role of apelin and norepinephrine (NE), along with nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI2), in the pathophysiology of menorrhagia. Methods The study included 44 women diagnosed with menorrhagia and 44 healthy controls. Blood specimens were taken on the 2nd or 3rd day of menstruation, and serum specimens were prepared. The levels of apelin, NE, NO, and PGI2 were determined using commercially available ELISA kits. Furthermore, standard biochemical analyses were conducted on all specimens. Results Apelin and NE levels were significantly reduced in the menorrhagia group compared to control group (p<0.05). The comparison of NO and PGI2 levels showed no statistically significant difference between the menorrhagia and control groups (p>0.05). In the menorrhagia group, total cholesterol, iron-binding capacity, platelet count, and FSH concentrations were markedly higher than those in control individuals, conversely, albumin, iron, hemoglobin, MCV, hematocrit, and progesterone levels were notably reduced (p<0.05) .Conclusions The study identified apelin and NE as moderately discriminative markers in menorrhagia and suggested that these markers could potentially contribute to impaired vasoconstriction and excessive menstrual bleeding. Future research should focus on evaluating biomarkers across different menstrual phases and exploring new therapeutic strategies for uterine protection.Öğe Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy: A Holistic Investigation of Global Outputs with Bibliometric Analysis(Dubai Iranian Hosp, 2023) Yildirim, Engin; Yilmaz, ErcanBackground: Hyperthermic intraperitoneal administration of chemotherapy (HIPEC) targets microscopic residues remaining after complete cytoreduction. Objectives: We systematically presented the development process of the HIPEC treatment regimen, the most remarkable publications on this topic, the most productive countries, and the future of treatment in the coming years. Methods: The source of our study was the Web of Science (WoS) database which included the Korean Journal Database, core collection index, Russian Science Citation Index, and Sci ELO citation index. Results: We reached a total of 3,343 publications by analyzing the WoS database using the keyword of Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. When the citations of the documents written about HIPEC were evaluated, we found that the highest citation was made in 2019. Co-citation analysis showed that there were 27,724 authors investigating the issue of HIPEC. The most active university was determined as Wake Forest University, USA. Collaboration and citation collaboration was observed between Wake Forest University, the University of Pittsburgh, and the University of Texas. The intersection point of all researcher countries was the USA. While reviewing the articles on HIPEC, we also identified new trends and topics in this regard. Ovarian cancers, gastric cancers, and colorectal cancers were found to be the types of cancer that had the strongest relationship with HIPEC. Conclusion: HIPEC therapies should be considered an area of research that has been studied, published, and cited by surgeons, oncologists, and pharmacologists interested in the treatment of tumors with peritoneal spread.Öğe Non-invasive diagnosis of endometrioma through cervical swabs using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(Galenos Publ House, 2025) Karakasli, Asli; Gorkem, Umit; Togrul, Cihan; Yildirim, Engin; Kose, Dursun Ali; Yurdakul, OmerObjective This study aimed to investigate whether Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy applied to cervical swab samples could detect meaningful biochemical differences between women diagnosed with endometriomas and healthy controls, thereby assessing its potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool. Materials and Methods A total of 104 cervical swab samples-52 from women with endometriomas diagnosed via transvaginal ultrasonography and 52 from healthy controls-were initially collected and processed. Following an optimization process and quality control of spectral data, 24 endometrioma and 20 control samples were included in the final analysis. FTIR spectra were obtained in the 4000-600 cm(-1) range, and the primary outcomes included comparative peak intensities and areas under specific wavenumbers reflecting various bio-organic molecules. Results Statistically significant differences were observed at 2350 cm(-1) and 1050 cm(-1), indicative of alterations in carbon dioxide and carbohydrate metabolism, respectively, in the endometrioma group compared with healthy controls (p<0.05). No significant differences were detected in other spectral regions associated with lipids (2950, 1460, 1400 cm(-1)) and proteins (e.g., amid-I and amid-II regions), suggesting that endometrioma may primarily affect carbohydrate metabolism and carbon dioxide balance rather than lipid and protein pathways. Both groups were comparable in demographic and hormonal characteristics, thus bolstering the validity of the findings. Conclusion FTIR spectroscopy of cervical swab samples revealed distinctive biochemical profiles in women with endometriomas, particularly related to carbon dioxide and carbohydrate metabolism. These data suggest that FTIR analysis, which is rapid and minimally invasive, holds promise for the future development of non-invasive diagnostic strategies for endometrioma. However, larger multicenter studies that include surgical confirmation and disease staging are needed to establish its clinical utility definitively.Öğe Vascular imbalance in polycystic ovary syndrome: Insights into endothelial dysfunction(Public Library Science, 2025) Kiran, Tugba Raika; Erdem, Mehmet; Yildirim, Engin; Inceoglu, FeyzaPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial endocrine disorder associated with vascular dysfunction and increased cardiovascular risk. This study aims to investigate the dysregulation of vascular tone in PCOS, focusing on the imbalance between vasodilators (nitric oxide [NO] and apelin) and vasoconstrictors (noradrenaline and reduced prostacyclin). By examining these factors, the study seeks to elucidate their contribution to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular complications in PCOS patients. Forty-four patients diagnosed with PCOS according to the 2003 Rotterdam Criteria, along with 44 healthy controls, were included in the study. Ultrasound evaluations were performed on all volunteers. Serum NO, apelin, noradrenaline, and prostacyclin levels were measured using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Additionally, routine biochemical, hormonal, and glycated hemoglobin analyses were conducted on all samples. There was no statistically significant difference between the PCOS and control groups in terms of marital status, age, and body mass index (BMI) (p > 0.05). Compared to the control group (83.85 +/- 22.65 mu mol/L, 190.88 +/- 16.44 ng/L, and 24.63 +/- 4.59 ng/L, respectively), NO, apelin, and noradrenaline concentrations were significantly higher in patients with PCOS (104.35 +/- 44.96 mu mol/L, 379.57 +/- 40.11 ng/L, and 27.48 +/- 5.36 ng/L, respectively) (p < 0.01). In contrast, prostacyclin concentrations were significantly lower in patients with PCOS (5.85 +/- 1.28 ng/L) compared to the control group (6.78 +/- 1.99 ng/L) (p = 0.011). Additionally, a statistically significant difference was found between the PCOS and control groups in FSH, LH, testosterone, SHBG, glucose, and HDL levels (p < 0.05). The disrupted balance between vasodilation and vasoconstriction in PCOS, driven by altered levels of NO, apelin, noradrenaline, and prostacyclin, contributes to endothelial dysfunction and increased cardiovascular risk. These molecular disturbances underline the need for targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring vascular homeostasis in PCOS patients.
