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Öğe Can the Posterior Segment Findings of the Eye and Serum Microbiota Metabolites Be a Biomarker in Schizophrenia?(Mdpi, 2026) Keser, Sinem; Yildiz, Sevler; Aydin, Suleyman; Keles, Julide; Aksoy, Aziz; Emre, ElifBackground and Objectives: In many neurodegenerative diseases, the pathological changes occurring in the central nervous system may be reflected in the periphery. The aim of this study was to examine the possible relationship between the retina, choroid, and nerve fibre layer thicknesses measured on optic coherence tomography (OCT) and the serum microbiota metabolite levels of trimethyl amine-N-oxide (TMAO), S-equol, Indoxyl sulphate (IS), and Maresin 1 (MaR1). Materials and Methods: This study included a total of 60 subjects, comprising 30 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and a control group of 30 healthy individuals. A sociodemographic form was given to all the subjects and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) to the schizophrenia patients. The eye fundus was evaluated with OCT. A 5 mL blood sample was taken from the arm of each subject, and the microbiota metabolite levels of TMAO, S-equol, IS, and MaR1 were examined. Results: The retina nerve fibre layer (RNFL) analysis results showed that the RNFL superior (p = 0.016), inferior (p = 0.002), central choroid (p = 0.033), nasal choroid (p = 0.004), temporal choroid (p = 0.038), and TMAO (p = 0.001) values were significantly lower in the schizophrenia patients than in the control group. In the patient group, a significant negative correlation was determined between the RNFL temporal measurements and IS, as well as a significant positive correlation between the central choroid measurement and the nasal choroid and temporal choroid measurements and between the nasal choroid and temporal choroid measurements. A statistically significant positive correlation was seen between S-equol and TMAO. A significant negative correlation was seen between the MaR1 level and age and disease duration. Conclusions: The study results showed that fundus changes are associated with serum microbiota metabolite levels in schizophrenia patients. Therefore, these parameters may be considered potential exploratory biomarkers; however, their clinical applicability requires validation in larger longitudinal studies.Öğe Coping with stress, psychological resilience and psychiatric symptoms in migraine patients(Bayrakol Medical Publisher, 2023) Emir, Burcu Sirlier; Yildiz, Sevler; Kilicaslan, Asli Kazgan; Dogan, Serpil; Kurt, Osman; Ugur, KerimAim: Migraine is a prevalent chronic disease with unknown etiopathogenesis that affects the quality of life. In the present study, we aimed to investigate anxiety, depression, coping with stress and psychological resilience of migraine patients. Material and Methods: The study was conducted with 40 patients and 40 healthy individuals. The study data were collected with a sociodemographic and clinical data form, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Psychological Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), and Inventory of Coping Strategies (ICS). Results: It was determined that the RSA-structural resilience, RSA-social competence, BDI, BAI, ICS-optimism and ICS-social support scores of the patients were significantly higher when compared to the control group, RSA-self-perception, RSA-future perception, RSA-familial conformity, RSA-social resources, RSA-total and ICS-safe approach scores were significantly lower in the patient group when compared to the controls. There were positive correlations between the number of migraine attacks and RSA-future perception, RSA-familial conformity, RSA-social resources and RSA-total scores of the patients; There was a significant negative correlation between the number of migraine attacks and ICS-optimism scores. Discussion: The incidence of anxiety and depression was significantly higher and psychological resilience was significantly lower in the patients when compared to the control group. It could be suggested that patients could prefer ineffective coping strategies and their psychological resilience could be low. The determination of the psychiatric complications associated with migraine could alter treatment interventions, and thus, the prognosis.Öğe Evaluation of arterial stiffness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder(2023) Yildiz, Sevler; Kılıçaslan, Aslı Kazğan; Uğur, Kerim; kurt, osman; KILIÇARSLAN, GÜLHANPurpose: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a psychiatric condition where both physical and mental symptoms are observed due to the activation of the sympathetic system. It is known that the disorder affects the cardiovascular system. The present study aimed to analyze arterial stiffness in GAD patients and compare the findings with healthy controls. Materials and Methods: 40 patients diagnosed with GAD and 40 healthy individuals were included in the study. Carotid and femoral artery intima-medial thickness (IMT) and arterial thickness parameters were measured with Doppler ultrasonography. Results: The femoral IMT of the patients was significantly low. Although the carotid IMT was higher in patients when compared to the controls, the difference was not statistically significant. A significant negative correlation was determined between fluoxetine equivalent dose and femoral IMT. There was a correlation between femoral IMT and fluoxetine equivalent dose. Conclusion: Arterial stiffness should be investigated for its potential to indicate cardiovascular risk in GAD. Further comprehensive studies should be conducted to clarify whether atherosclerosis symptoms were associated with the nature of the GAD or prescription medicine.Öğe Evaluation of Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Antisocial Personality Disorder Patients(Aves, 2023) Emir, Burcu Sirlier; Yildiz, Sevler; Kilicaslan, Asli Kazgan; Kurt, Osman; Keser, Sinem; Ugur, KerimBackground: Antisocial personality disorder is a frequently studied personality disorder, and its etiopathogenesis is still investigated. Neuroimaging demonstrated that certain regions of the brain could be associated with this disorder, and in the present study, we aimed to investigate the changes in retina, which could be considered an extension of the brain in antisocial personality disorder patients with optical coherence tomography. Methods: The study was conducted with 35 patients and 35 healthy controls. The study data were collected with the Sociodemographic and Clinical Data Form, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Barratt Impulsivity Scale-Short Form. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, choroidal thickness, and macular thickness were analyzed based on optical coherence tomography. Results: The Beck Depression Inventory (P =.044), Beck Anxiety Inventory (P =.005), Barratt Impulsivity Scale-motor (P <.001), Barratt Impulsivity Scale-non-planning dimension (P <.001), and Barratt Impulsivity Scale-total scores (P <.001) of the patients were significantly higher when compared to the controls. The superior (P =.013) and inferior retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (P <.001) of the patients were significantly lower when compared to the control group. Conclusion: Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was significantly lower in the patient group when compared to healthy controls, which suggested that it could be associated with the pathophysiology of antisocial personality disorder.Öğe Inflammation Markers in Patients with Bipolar Disorder Who Have Committed Offenses and Their Relationship with Criminal Behavior(Mdpi, 2023) Sirlier Emir, Burcu; Yildiz, Sevler; Kazgan Kilicaslan, Asli; Kurt, Osman; Ugur, Kerim; Tabara, Muhammed Fatih; Aydin, SueleymanBackground and Objectives: This study aimed to examine the function of various inflammation parameters and their interactions in the pathology of Bipolar disorder (BD) and to assess whether they could be biomarkers in the relationship between criminal behavior and BD. Materials and Methods: Overall, 1029 participants, including 343 patients with BD who have committed offenses, 343 nonoffending patients with BD, and 343 healthy controls, were included in this retrospective study. Neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and platelet counts; high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) levels; systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein ratio (NHR), lymphocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (LHR), monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR), platelet to high-density lipoprotein ratio (PHR) were measured. Results: Significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of SII, SIRI, NHR, LHR, MHR, PHR, neutrophil, and monocyte values (p < 0.001). The lymphocyte counts were significantly higher in the patients with BD who committed offenses (p = 0.04). The platelet counts were significantly lower in the patients with BD who committed offenses compared to nonoffending patients with BD (p = 0.015). The HDL-c levels were significantly lower in the patients with BD who have committed offenses than those of nonoffending patients with BD (p < 0.001). Bipolar disorder, not receiving active psychiatric treatment, having a diagnosis of bipolar manic episodes, and having low platelet and HDL values constitute a risk of involvement in crime. Conclusions: The present study emphasizes the role of systemic inflammation in the pathophysiology of patients with BD with and without criminal offenses and the relationship between inflammation and criminal behavior.Öğe Inflammation markers in patients with psychotic disorder who have committed offenses and their relationship with criminal behavior(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Yildiz, Sevler; Emir, Burcu Sirlier; Kilicaslan, Asli Kazgan; Kurt, Osman; Ugur, Kerim; Sehlikoglu, Seyma; Atmaca, MuradThe role of inflammation in the etiology of psychotic disorders (PD) is well-established. This study aimed to identify inflammation parameters in patients diagnosed with PD, assess their potential as biomarkers, and examine their relationship with criminal behavior. This retrospective study comprised three groups: 530 patients diagnosed with PD who had committed crimes (offenders with PD), 530 patients with PD who had not committed crimes (non-offenders with PD), and 530 healthy controls, totaling 1,590 participants. Routine hematological tests were used to measure neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and platelet counts, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), and neutrophil/HDL (NHR), lymphocyte/HDL, platelet/HDL (PHR), and monocyte/HDL (MHR) ratios. Offenders with PD exhibited significantly higher levels of SII, SIRI, PHR, NHR, LHR, neutrophils, and monocytes compared to non-offenders with PD and healthy controls (p < 0.001). The criminal group had lower HDL and lymphocyte levels than the remaining two groups (p < 0.001). Among those treated in forensic psychiatry units, patients with two or more treatments showed significantly higher SIRI values compared to those with only one treatment (p = 0.045). Non-offenders with PD had higher platelet values than the remaining two groups (p < 0.001). This study underscores the role of systemic inflammation in the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders through a comparison of patients who have and have not committed crimes, highlighting the relationship between inflammation and lipid metabolism. Further research is required to clarify these findings.Öğe Markers of inflammation in patients with generalized anxiety disorder(2024) Yildiz, Sevler; Kılıçaslan, Aslı Kazğan; Emir, Burcu Sırlıer; TABARA, Muhammed Fatih; kurt, osman; SEHLİKOĞLU, ŞEYMA; Uğur, KerimPurpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the systemic immune response index, systemic immune inflammation index, neutrophil/HDL, lymphocyte/HDL, platelet/HDL, and monocyte/HDL ratio, used as inflammatory markers in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Materials and Methods: A total of 864 participants, including 432 healthy controls and 432 patients diagnosed with GAD, were included in this study. High-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) levels, neutrophil, monocyte, lymphocyte, and platelet counts; systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), neutrophil/high-density lipoprotein ratio (NHR), lymphocyte/high-density lipoprotein ratio (LHR), monocyte/high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR), and platelet/high-density lipoprotein ratio (PHR) were calculated. Results: The median age of the case group was 35.50 (interquartile range: 28.00-44.00), while the median age of the control group was 35.00 (interquartile range: 28.00-44.00). In the GAD group, neutrophils, monocytes, SII, SIRI, NHR, LHR, MHR, and PHR were significantly higher, while platelets and HDL were significantly lower. Conclusions: This study highlights that elevated systemic inflammation markers, such as SII and SIRI, along with altered HDL ratios, may be associated with GAD. The findings support the hypothesis that inflammation plays a role in the etiopathogenesis of GAD, potentially contributing to both diagnosis and management.Öğe Methods of Coping With Psychological Pain and Stress in Antisocial Personality Disorder(2023) Emir, Burcu Sırlıer; Yildiz, Sevler; Kılıçaslan, Aslı Kazğan; SEHLİKOĞLU, ŞEYMA; kurt, osman; Uğur, KerimAim: Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) is a personality dis - order in which the person has difficulty controlling his behaviors and impulses, harming both himself and his environment. In our study, we aimed to examine the psychological pain experienced by people with ASPD and the methods of coping with the stress they use to combat it. Material and Method: Forty patients and 40 healthy control groups were included in the study. Sociodemographic Data Form, Beck Depression Scale (BDI), Beck Suicide Scale (BSS), Psychache Scale (PS), and Styles of Coping with Stress (SCSS) were administered to the participants. Results: The BDI (p=0.037), BSS (p=0.009), PS (p=0.008) and SCSS-helpless approach (p=0.01) scores of the patients in the pa - tient group were significantly higher than the scores of the control group. On the other hand, the scores of SCSS-self-confident ap - proach (p=0.001) and SCSS-searching for social support (p<0.001) were found to be significantly lower than the scores of the control group. In the patient group, there was a positive correlation between BDI and BSS, PS and SCSS-optimistic approach. On the other hand, there was a significant negative correlation between BDI and SCSS-self-confident approach and SCSS-seeking social support Conclusion: In our study, depression, suicide, and psychological pain were found to be significantly higher in people with ASPD compared to the control group, and it was determined that they used ineffective coping strategies. We think that early interventions for the treatment of psychological pain, such as suicidal ideation, determination of depression, and providing support for using ef - fective coping strategies, may be effective in preventing self-de - structive behaviors or suicides in ASPD, and therefore may change the course of the disease.Öğe Psychological rigidity, alexithymia and treatment motivation in individuals diagnosed with substance use disorder(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2024) Polat, Hatice; Ugur, Kerim; Yildiz, SevlerObjective: In this study, we examined the relationship between psychological rigidity, alexithymia, and treatment motivation in individuals diagnosed with substance use disorder (SUD). Methods: 164 patients diagnosed with SUD who were admitted to Alcohol and substance addiction treatment outpatient clinic were included in the study. Sociodemographic data form, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Treatment Motivation Questionnaire (TMQ) were applied to all participants. Results: A significant positive relationship was found between the TAS total dimension and all its sub-dimensions and the AAQ-II total score (p < 0.01). A statistically significant difference was found between both TMQ total scores and AAQ-II total scores, depending on the participants' alexithymia status (p < 0.05). Conclusions: It was determined that individuals with SUD who participated in this study were prone to alexithymia and had moderate levels of psychological rigidity and treatment motivation.Öğe Resilience, depression and burnout levels in caregivers of patients followed in the forensic psychiatry service(2023) Yildiz, Sevler; Kılıçaslan, Aslı Kazğan; Emir, Burcu Sırlıer; kurt, osman; Uğur, KerimObjective: It is known that psychiatric diseases also affect the quality of life of patients' relatives. The aim of this study is to examine the level of resilience, depression and burnout of the caregivers of forensic psychiatry patients in order to recognize the mental problems that may be experienced by relatives of forensic psychiatry patients who have com- mitted crimes in addition to psychiatric illness. Method: 90 high-security forensic psychiatry patient relatives were included in the study. Sociodemographic data form, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Adult Resilience Scale (RSA) and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were admi- nistered to all participants. Results: BDI score of caregivers was 10.8±7.7, RSA-total 99.8±12.5, emotional burnout score from MBI subscales 22.5±3.4, depersonalization score 9.4±2.2, personal success score was determined as 16.8±5.4. There was a signifi- cant difference between the duration of caregiving in terms of BDI score (p<0.01). The BDI score of the caregivers of the patients with criminal liability was found to be significantly higher than the score of the caregivers of the patients without criminal liability (p< 0.01). Discussion: It was observed that the level of psychological resilience was good in people who took care of psychiatric patients who were subjected to forensic psychiatric examination, but they had mild depression and moderate burnout. It is seen that the relatives of the patients are affected psychologically and the necessary psychosocial support can be positive for the caregivers.Öğe Şizofreni Tanılı Hastalarda Serum HMGB1 ve Beklin 1 Düzeyleri(2024) Yildiz, Sevler; Kılıçaslan, Aslı Kazğan; Emir, Burcu Sırlıer; Uğur, Kerim; KILIC, FARUKAmaç: Şizofreni etiyopatogenezinde inflamasyonun rol oynadığı bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada şizofreni tanılı hastalarda yüksek mobilite grup kutusu 1 protein (HMGB1) ve Beklin 1 seviyeleri ile klinik değişkenler arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Metod: Çalışmaya 43 şizofreni hastası ve 43 sağlıklı kontrol grubu dahil edildi. Tüm katılımcılara sosyodemografik veri formu, Pozitif Negatif Semptom Skalası (PANSS), Klinik Global İzlem Ölçeği (CGI) uygulandı. Ölçekler doldurulduktan sonra hem hasta hem de kontrol grubundan serum HMGB1 ve Beklin 1 seviyelerini ölçmek için venöz kan örneği alındı. Santrifüj sonunda elde edilen serum örnekleri Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) yöntemi ile ölçüldü. Bulgular: Şizofreni hastalarında serum HMGB1 seviyesi kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksek saptandı. Serum Beklin 1 seviyeleri ise hasta grubunda kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı düzeyde düşük olarak bulundu. Ayrıca HMGB1 ve Beklin-1 düzeyleri arasında negatif ilişki tespit edildi. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, mevcut araştırma şizofreni olan hastalarda HMGB1’in arttığını, Beklin 1’in azaldığını ve bu bulguların şizofreni patogenezinde otofajinin rolüne katkıda bulunabileceğini göstermektedir.Öğe The effect of functional remission and cognitive insight on criminal behavior in patients with schizophrenia(W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc, 2023) Polat, Hatice; Ugur, Kerim; Aslanoglu, Eren; Yildiz, Sevler; Yagin, Fatma HilalObjective: This study was planned to determine the relationship of functional remission with a criminal history and determine its effect on criminal behavior in patients with schizophrenia.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 132 patients with schizophrenia (66 with and 66 without a criminal history). Data were collected between November 2020 and April 2021 using a personal information form, the Functional Remission of General Schizophrenia (FROGS), the Taylor Crime Violence Rating Scale, the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale, and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to collect data.Results: In terms of all scale variables, there were significant differences between the groups with and without a criminal history (p < 0.05). These differences were mostly clearly observed in the FROGS-social functionality (effect size: 16.79), PANSS-positive (effect size: 2.62) and FROGS-health and treatment (effect size: 2) subscales. Conclusions: In this study, it was determined that as the symptoms of the illness increased in schizophrenia, the patients' functional remission and insight decreased, and their tendency to commit crimes increased. Psychiatric nurses can plan therapeutic interventions to increase the functionality and insight levels of patients with schizophrenia.
