Comparative activation of pine pollen-derived carbon with KOH and CuCl2 for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes

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dc.contributor.authorAtalay, Funda Ersoy
dc.contributor.authorKaya, Harun
dc.contributor.authorKorkmaz, Aydan Aksogan
dc.contributor.authorGokturk, Gunay
dc.contributor.authorGuler, Seher
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-19T06:41:04Z
dc.date.available2026-06-19T06:41:04Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentMalatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractBiomass-derived porous carbons have emerged as promising candidates for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes owing to their low cost, sustainability, and tunable physicochemical properties. In this work, pine pollen, an abundant and underutilized natural precursor, was converted into porous carbon via hydrothermal carbonization followed by chemical activation using KOH and CuCl2. A systematic comparison of these activation agents was conducted to elucidate their effects on structural, morphological, and electrochemical characteristics. KOH activation produced carbon with a high specific surface area of 2030.32 m2/g and a specific capacitance of 230 F/g at 5 A/g, while CuCl2 activation yielded carbon with a surface area of 736.8 m2/g and a capacitance of 176 F/g. After 5000 charge-discharge cycles, capacitance retention was 76% for the KOH-activated electrode and 93% for the CuCl2-activated counterpart. This study provides the first comprehensive insight into the role of activation chemistry in tailoring pine pollen-derived carbon for supercapacitor applications, demonstrating the potential of pine pollen as a sustainable and low-cost resource for advanced energy storage systems.
dc.description.sponsorshipInonu University BAP; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [218M267]; [FYL-2020-2196]
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under Grant [218M267]; Inonu University BAP under Grant [FBG-2019-1709]; and Inonu University BAP under Grant [FYL-2020-2196].
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s11581-025-06562-0
dc.identifier.issn0947-7047
dc.identifier.issn1862-0760
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-3309-9719
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-6090-0559
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-5776-2490
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105011617193
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-025-06562-0
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12899/6044
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001542099100001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer Heidelberg
dc.relation.ispartofIonics
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20260612
dc.subjectPine Pollen
dc.subjectActivated Carbon
dc.subjectSupercapacitor Electrodes
dc.subjectEnergy Storage
dc.titleComparative activation of pine pollen-derived carbon with KOH and CuCl2 for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes
dc.typeArticle

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