Effluent characteristics of flow-through trout farms and their effects on stream water and sediment quality

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dc.contributor.authorVarol, Memet
dc.contributor.authorTunar, Münir Ahmet
dc.contributor.authorSünbül, Muhammet Raşit
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-19T06:31:55Z
dc.date.available2026-06-19T06:31:55Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentMalatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractOver the past decade, the rapid expansion of freshwater aquaculture has raised concerns regarding its potential impacts on water and sediment quality in receiving streams. This study investigated the effluent characteristics of two flow-through rainbow trout farms and evaluated their effects on the water and sediment quality of the adjacent stream. Between March and August 2025, water samples were collected monthly from the inlet and outlet of both farms, while additional water and sediment samples were obtained at two locations along the stream—one upstream and one downstream. The results showed significant increases in total suspended solids (TSS), NH4–N, and total phosphorus (TP) levels from the inlet to the outlet waters, whereas dissolved oxygen (DO) levels decreased significantly, likely due to the absence of effluent treatment processes at the farms. Major ion and metal concentrations showed only minor increases from the inlet to the outlet, indicating that farm activities had limited influence on these parameters. Predicted TN (total nitrogen) and TP fluxes obtained using the nutritional model were comparable to those estimated by the hydrological method. Significantly higher values of EC, COD, TSS, NH4–N, TP, and sediment organic matter (OM) were recorded at the downstream station compared to the upstream station. Based on the DO, TN, TP and NH4–N concentrations, the downstream station was classified as Class II water quality, indicating lightly contaminated water. Based on these findings, several management recommendations were proposed to safeguard the water quality of the receiving stream. © 2026 Elsevier Inc.
dc.description.sponsorshipMalatya Turgut Özal University, (24G34)
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.envres.2026.124850
dc.identifier.issn0013-9351
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105040335057
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.124850
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12899/4855
dc.identifier.volume304
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherAcademic Press Inc.
dc.relation.ispartofEnvironmental Research
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_Scopus_20260612
dc.subjectEffluent Impact Assessment
dc.subjectFlow-Through Aquaculture
dc.subjectNutrient Flux Estimation
dc.subjectSediment Organic Matter
dc.subjectStream Water Quality
dc.titleEffluent characteristics of flow-through trout farms and their effects on stream water and sediment quality
dc.typeArticle

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