Hydro-chemical assessment of fluoride and nitrate in groundwater from east and west coasts of Bangladesh and India

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dc.contributor.authorJannat, Jannatun Nahar
dc.contributor.authorKhan, Md Sanjid Islam
dc.contributor.authorIslam, H. M. Touhidul
dc.contributor.authorIslam, Md Saiful
dc.contributor.authorKhan, Rahat
dc.contributor.authorSiddique, Md Abu Bakar
dc.contributor.authorIslam, Abu Reza Md Towfiqul
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-19T06:39:51Z
dc.date.available2026-06-19T06:39:51Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.departmentMalatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractGroundwater from the coastal alluvial plain is the primary water source in coastal areas. Its contaminants, such as nitrate and fluoride, are significant concerns for freshwater supply and human health issues. Although spatiotemporal variability of nitrate and fluoride levels has been analyzed individually in the Indo-Bangladesh coastal region, their drivers and hydro-chemical analysis have scarcely been studied. Thus, to assess the groundwater quality, hydro-chemistry, and drivers in coastal alluvial aquifers, 123 groundwater samples were collected from the east (Bangladesh) and west coasts (India) for assessment of nitrate and fluoride levels and major physiochemical parameters. Multivariate statistical and hydro-chemical analysis and public health risk appraisal were carried out for this purpose. The results showed that 25% (East coast) and 22.39% (West coast) of groundwater samples surpassed the allowable limit of fluoride with a maximum concentration of up to 16.11 mg/L and the tolerable nitrate limit slightly exceeded 10 mg/L. Furthermore, we note that industrial waste, synthetic pesticides, and agricultural fertilizer triggered the leaching of nitrate into groundwater, while the release of fluoride into groundwater was possibly due to evaporite dissolution, carbonate mineral weathering, and ion exchange processes on both coasts. About 28.36% (26.79%) of groundwater samples possessed poor quality on the east (west) coasts. Considering the uncertainties of the variables, the mean hazard quotient ingestion values of fluoride faced by children (adults) were 10.5 (1.39) and 5.56 (6.9 x 10-1), respectively, on the east (west) coasts, demonstrating a high non-carcinogenic risk to people, particularly, children, who cannot be neglected. Children had two times higher health risks than the adult inhabitants in both regions studied. Probabilistic models can reveal health risks more extensively than deterministic models. This study came up with strategies for improving sustainable groundwater quality and managing health risks in coastal regions.
dc.description.sponsorshipKing Khalid University; [R.G.P.2/146/43]
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Groups Project under grant number (R.G.P.2/146/43)
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133675
dc.identifier.issn0959-6526
dc.identifier.issn1879-1786
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0003-2080-7920
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0001-7947-1910
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-5693-3892
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0212-6718
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0001-6475-0570
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0003-2146-2864
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0003-4773-7598
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85136568086
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133675
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12899/5824
dc.identifier.volume372
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000850101100006
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier Sci Ltd
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Cleaner Production
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20260612
dc.subjectGroundwater
dc.subjectCoast
dc.subjectNitrate
dc.subjectFluoride
dc.subjectHydrochemistry
dc.subjectHealth Risk
dc.subjectSensitivity
dc.titleHydro-chemical assessment of fluoride and nitrate in groundwater from east and west coasts of Bangladesh and India
dc.typeArticle

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