Evaluation of vascular tone in patients with menorrhagia: the role of apelin and norepinephrine

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dc.contributor.authorGuctekin, Zeynep
dc.contributor.authorErdem, Mehmet
dc.contributor.authorDogan, Umran Karabulut
dc.contributor.authorYildirim, Engin
dc.contributor.authorKiran, Tugba Raika
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-19T06:38:09Z
dc.date.available2026-06-19T06:38:09Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentMalatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractObjectives Menorrhagia, characterized by excessive menstrual bleeding, impacts 30 % of women of childbearing period and is frequently linked to anemia and discomfort in the pelvic region. Understanding the vascular and hormonal mechanisms underlying this condition could aid in developing non-surgical treatment options. This research focused on exploring the role of apelin and norepinephrine (NE), along with nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI2), in the pathophysiology of menorrhagia. Methods The study included 44 women diagnosed with menorrhagia and 44 healthy controls. Blood specimens were taken on the 2nd or 3rd day of menstruation, and serum specimens were prepared. The levels of apelin, NE, NO, and PGI2 were determined using commercially available ELISA kits. Furthermore, standard biochemical analyses were conducted on all specimens. Results Apelin and NE levels were significantly reduced in the menorrhagia group compared to control group (p<0.05). The comparison of NO and PGI2 levels showed no statistically significant difference between the menorrhagia and control groups (p>0.05). In the menorrhagia group, total cholesterol, iron-binding capacity, platelet count, and FSH concentrations were markedly higher than those in control individuals, conversely, albumin, iron, hemoglobin, MCV, hematocrit, and progesterone levels were notably reduced (p<0.05) .Conclusions The study identified apelin and NE as moderately discriminative markers in menorrhagia and suggested that these markers could potentially contribute to impaired vasoconstriction and excessive menstrual bleeding. Future research should focus on evaluating biomarkers across different menstrual phases and exploring new therapeutic strategies for uterine protection.
dc.description.sponsorshipMalatya Turgut Ozal University Scientific Research Projects Unit [2022/24]
dc.description.sponsorshipMalatya Turgut Ozal University Scientific Research Projects Unit financially supported this study (2022/24).
dc.identifier.doi10.1515/tjb-2024-0281
dc.identifier.issn0250-4685
dc.identifier.issn1303-829X
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-9100-2479
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-3724-0249
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-1935-3696
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105027375475
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ3
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1515/tjb-2024-0281
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12899/5416
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001658446400001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ4
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWalter de Gruyter Gmbh
dc.relation.ispartofTurkish Journal of Biochemistry-Turk Biyokimya Dergisi
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20260612
dc.subjectAbnormal Uterine Bleeding
dc.subjectApelin
dc.subjectMenorrhagia
dc.subjectNitric Oxide
dc.subjectNorepinephrine
dc.subjectProstacyclin
dc.titleEvaluation of vascular tone in patients with menorrhagia: the role of apelin and norepinephrine
dc.typeArticle

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