Hydrochemical Assessment and Water Quality Evaluation of Syarpu Lake, Nepal: Implications for Sustainable Management

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dc.contributor.authorKaphle, Chiranjivi
dc.contributor.authorPant, Ramesh Raj
dc.contributor.authorSaqr, Ahmed M.
dc.contributor.authorKafle, Sushmita
dc.contributor.authorSharma, Motee Lal
dc.contributor.authorVarol, Memet
dc.contributor.authorDhital, Yam Prasad
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-19T06:32:00Z
dc.date.available2026-06-19T06:32:00Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentMalatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractWetlands are vital ecosystems that provide essential services, including water purification, biodiversity preservation, and climate regulation. However, these ecosystems are under increasing threats from pollution, climate change, and anthropogenic activities. Syarpu Lake, located in Rukum district, Karnali Province, Nepal is an important freshwater resource facing similar pressures, yet its hydrochemical properties and pollution dynamics remain insufficiently studied. This research aims to bridge the knowledge gaps by conducting a comprehensive assessment of the lake's water quality, hydrochemistry, and trophic patterns to inform sustainable management practices. Bathymetric mapping revealed a maximum depth of 6.5 m and an average depth of 3.59 m, indicating significant sediment accumulation and reduced catchment area due to human activities and natural processes. Hydrochemical analysis identified calcium (35.06 mg/L) and bicarbonate (87.15 mg/L) as the dominant ions, with rock weathering emerging as the primary source of ion contributions based on Piper and Gibbs plots. The Carlson Trophic State Index (CTSI) classified the lake as eutrophic, with a mean value of 69.86, highlighting a concerning trend toward anoxic conditions due to nutrient enrichment. Despite moderate pollution levels, the lake’s water was deemed suitable for irrigation, supported by sodium adsorption ratio (SAR < 2.25) and permeability index (PI: 23.92–38.05). These findings align with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 6 (clean water and sanitation) and 15 (life on land), emphasizing the need for targeted conservation measures, such as sedimentation control, eco-friendly tourism management, and sustainable land-use practices, to protect Syarpu Lake’s ecological health and ensure its long-term viability as a vital freshwater resource in the Himalayas. Copyright © 2025 by the authors.
dc.identifier.doi10.18178/ijesd.2025.16.3.1528
dc.identifier.endpage224
dc.identifier.issn2010-0264
dc.identifier.issue3
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105008343363
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ3
dc.identifier.startpage214
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2025.16.3.1528
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12899/4920
dc.identifier.volume16
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherInternational Journal of Environmental Science and Development
dc.relation.ispartofInternational Journal of Environmental Science and Development
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_Scopus_20260612
dc.subjectBathymetry
dc.subjectEutrophication
dc.subjectPollution
dc.subjectSustainable Development Goals
dc.subjectSyarpu Lake
dc.subjectWetlands
dc.titleHydrochemical Assessment and Water Quality Evaluation of Syarpu Lake, Nepal: Implications for Sustainable Management
dc.typeArticle

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