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Öğe Dane Mısır Üretimi Yapan İşletmelerin Damla Sulama Desteklemelerinden Faydalanma Durumunu Etkileyen Faktörler(Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, 2021) Candemir, Serhan; Aydın, Başak; Uysal, Osman; Aytop, YeşimBu çalışmada, Kahramanmaraş ilinde dane mısır üretimi yapan ve tarla içi damla sulama desteğinden yararlanan ve yararlanmayan işletmelerinin sosyo-ekonomik yapısı belirlenmiş ve damla sulama desteğinden faydalanma durumunu etkileyen faktörler tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın materyalini, Kahramanmaraş ilinde 2012-2017 yılları arasında Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı tarafından verilen damla sulama desteğinden yararlanan ve yararlanmayan üreticilerle yapılan anket çalışmaları oluşturmaktadır. Basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemine göre 45 damla sulama desteği alan dane mısır üreticisiyle anket çalışması yapılmış olup, aynı sayıda damla sulama desteğinden yararlanmayan ve salma sulama yapan dane mısır üreticisi ile de anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Üreticilerin damla sulama desteği alma eğilimleri ve bu eğilimlerinde etkili olan faktörler lojistik regresyon analizi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Üreticilerin yaşlarının, eğitim sürelerinin, aile birey sayılarının, toplam işledikleri arazi büyüklüğünün ve toplam tarımsal gelirlerinin damla sulama desteği alma durumunu pozitif, tarımsal deneyimlerinin, ailelerinde tarımda çalışan kişi sayısının ve dane mısır üretim alanının ise negatif yönde etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda tarımsal üretimde damla sulama sisteminin kullanımının yaygınlaştırılmasında karar vericiler tarafından çeşitli stratejiler geliştirilebilir ve söz konusu desteklemenin etkilerine göre politikalar geliştirilerek gelecek nesillere aktarılacak kısıtlı kaynakların etkin kullanımı sağlanabilir.Öğe Determination of Olive Oil Market Segmentation with Conjoint Analysis(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2025) Dogan, Hasan Gokhan; Bayramoglu, Zeki; Agizan, Kemalettin; Candemir, SerhanChanging living conditions in the world have led to a transformation in consumption habits. It can be said that some factors that are thought to be effective on consumption are also affected by this. Therefore, it is inevitable to evaluate the determinants of the consumption dimension as a dynamic process. In this study, important factors in olive oil consumption preference were analyzed by conjoint analysis. The research was conducted throughout T & uuml;rkiye. Accordingly, it was determined that the most important factor in olive oil preference is the place where olive oil is purchased. This is followed by quality, packaging, price, and color. As a result, it can be said that olive oil purchased directly from the producer is preferred in the first place based on the idea that the olive oil purchased should be safe or natural, rather than the idea that price is perceptually decisive in consumer preference. When the preference characteristics are combined, it can be stated that the most preferred criterion is olive oil with a price of $9/lt, cold pressed, glass packaged, light colored, and sold directly by the producer. It can be suggested as a correct approach that the actors who make market organizations should take these criteria into consideration and turn to the appropriate organization at every stage of the supply chain.Öğe Economic Performance of Rainbow Trout Farming in Turkey(Turkish Science and Technology Publishing, 2020) Aydoğan, Mehmet; Uysal, Osman; Candemir, Serhan; Terzi, Yunus Emre; Taşçı, Rahmi; Beşen, Tuba; Öztürk, Fatma Pınar; Emre, Meltem; Eralp, Önder; Gündüz, Orhan; Ceyhan, VedatThe purpose of this research is to measure the economic performance and development of rainbow trout farming in inland waters in Turkey. As a result of the research, it was determined that the farms use an average of 82% of their capacities. There was a negative relationship between the farm-scale and CUR, and as the farm scale grows, the CUR decreases. The average feed conversion rate (FCR) of the enterprises was calculated as 1.12. Fish capital (36.8%) had the largest share in active capital, and equity capital (87.2%) had the largest share in passive capital. Net profits of farms falling to one-tonne production capacity; it was calculated as 2.374 TRY in small-scale farms, 1.322 TRY in medium-scale farms and 1.896 TRY in large-scale farms. The proportional profit of farms was 1.08, 0.99, and 1.17, respectively. The average current ratio value of the examined farms was calculated as 3.67 and liquidity ratios as 3.55. As the farm's scale grows, current ratio values also increase, and large-scale farms had more cash assets than small and medium-scale farms. As a result of the research; It can be said that the trout-breeding farms in Turkey have current assets that can pay their short term debts. The average borrowing rate of farms was 0.16. In other words, 16% of the financial assets of the trout farms in Turkey were met from debts. The turnover rate of the assets of the farms was 0.79 and is below the sector average. The average rate of economic profitability of farms was calculated as 0.13. In other words, the income that farms generate from aquaculture is more than the opportunity cost.Öğe Energy Use and Carbon Emissions of Walnut Production in Türkiye(Springer, 2024) Candemir, Serhan; Agizan, Kemalettin; Dogan, Hasan Goekhan; Bayramoglu, Zeki; Akdogan, AhmetThe objective of this study is to investigate the energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions associated with walnut production. The research will provide valuable insights into the environmental impact of walnut production. The study was conducted during the 2020-2021 agricultural season in Kahramanmara & scedil; province of T & uuml;rkiye. The study findings revealed that the energy required for walnut production includes 29,193 MJha-1 (50.53%) of pesticide, 11,533 MJha-1 (19.96%) of machinery, 9443 MJha-1 (16.35%) of fertiliser, 3675 MJha-1 (6.36%) of diesel, 1249 MJha-1 (2.16%) of electricity, and 1163 MJha-1 (2.01%) of farm manure energy. The total energy input and output were 57,772 MJha-1 and 109,444 MJha-1, respectively. The total carbon emissions from walnut production were calculated to be 2242.23 kgCO2-eqkg-1. Of all emission sources, the use of machinery was to have the highest contribution with 56.91%.Öğe Energy Use and Carbon Emissions of Walnut Production in Turkiye (vol 66, pg 1347, 2024)(Springer, 2026) Candemir, Serhan; Agizan, Kemalettin; Dogan, Hasan Gokhan; Bayramoglu, Zeki; Akdogan, Ahmet[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Energy Use and Carbon Footprint of Wine and Winegrapes(Springer, 2025) Guner, Vedat; Candemir, SerhanThe accelerating impacts of climate change are prompting a deeper examination of agriculture's complex role-not only as a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions but also as one of the sectors most vulnerable to its effects. Within this context, the present study explores the environmental footprint of wine grape production in Elaz & imath;& gbreve; province, a region of T & uuml;rkiye known for its strong viticultural heritage. By focusing on both energy consumption and carbon emissions, the research offers a detailed assessment of the production system's sustainability profile. Data were collected directly from the field through structured interviews with local wine grape producers and subsequently analyzed to estimate per-hectare energy equivalents and GHG emissions. Results show that the bulk of energy input (EI) originates from chemical fertilizers, agricultural machinery, and diesel fuel. However, it is the use of electricity that emerges as the dominant factor contributing to total carbon emissions. The calculated energy use efficiency, at 4.04, reflects a production system that converts its inputs into outputs with relatively high effectiveness, offering a basis for both environmental assessment and improvement strategies. On a product basis, the carbon footprint of 1 kg of wine grapes was calculated as 0.012 kg CO2-equivalent. The research examined the emissions associated with wine processing for a standard 225-L wine barrel in addition to vineyard activities, spotlighting electricity use and glass packaging in particular as the two most carbon-intensive components during processing. Most importantly, the results indicate a clear need for sustainability in all phases of growing grapes and wine production. The use of more renewable energy and more efficient balanced inputs will help ease the climate impacts and climate adaptability of viticulture systems.Öğe Energy Use and Emission Efficiency in White Cherry Production: Evidence from Türkiye(Springer, 2026) Bozdemir Akcil, Merve; Candemir, Serhan; Dogan, Hasan Gokhan; Bayramoglu, ZekiWhite cherry fruit is grown primarily in Konya Province's Ere & gbreve;li District. The purpose of this study was to investigate the energy usage, energy efficiency and greenhouse gases (GHGs) produced by white cherry fruit in Konya's Ere & gbreve;li District. The data utilized within this study were collected through surveys with 30 growers during the 2025 production season; therefore, the survey data were analyzed in terms of the energy equivalencies and carbon emission factors of the inputs involved in the white cherry fruit production process. Energy usage efficiency was determined to be 4.01 MJ/ha and 45,618.31 MJ/ha. Additionally, the energy productivity, specific energy, and net energy usage per hectare were determined to be 1.37 kg/MJ, 0.80 MJ/kg, and 45,427.04 MJ/ha, respectively. The largest proportions of energy usage were in the form of chemical fertilizers at 37.73%, and electrical energy at 34.87%. Thus, the energy usage due to chemical fertilizers and electrical energy accounted for approximately two-thirds of the total energy utilization. The total GHG emissions associated with white cherry fruit production were 1185.74 kg CO2-eq/ha. A product-based GHG emission value of 0.06 kg CO2-eq/kg was also estimated. In addition, it was estimated that the majority (> 80%) of the electrical energy consumed was from non-renewable energy sources. Approximately 84.6% of the energy usage comprised non-renewable energy sources, while 15.4% comprised renewable energy sources. These results indicate a positive energy balance in white cherry fruit production; however, an increase in renewable energy usage would result in sustainable development in this area. In order to decrease both energy expenses and the carbon footprint of the white cherry fruit production system, growers could utilize energy efficient irrigation systems and solar power. The usage of nitrogen fertilizer should be optimized to minimize the carbon footprint.Öğe Energy Use and GHG Emissions in Olive Production: A Comparison of Irrigated and Rainfall Conditions(Springer, 2025) Bayramoglu, Zeki; Candemir, Serhan; Agizan, Kemalettin; Dogan, Hasan GoekhanThe objective of this study was to examine the energy efficiency and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with olive production under both irrigated and rainfall conditions. The findings of this research will provide valuable insights into the environmental impacts of olive production. The study was conducted in the province of Kahramanmara & scedil; during the 2020-2021 agricultural production season. The study findings indicate that the total input energy required for olive production under irrigated and rainfall conditions is 174,331.3 MJ ha-1 and 129,115.55 MJ ha-1, respectively. In olive production, the primary energy input under irrigated conditions was chemical fertilizer (38.67%), while the primary energy input under rainfall conditions was diesel fuel (38.59%). The total energy output in olive production under irrigated and rainfall conditions was calculated as 41,534.83 MJ ha-1 and 29,710.55 MJ ha-1, respectively. The GHG emissions per kilogram in olive production were calculated as 0.24 kg CO2 for 1 kg of olives produced under irrigated conditions and 0.20 kg CO2 for 1 kg of olives produced under rainfall conditions.Öğe Energy Use Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Almond Production: Evidence from Konya Province, Türkiye(Springer, 2026) Bozdemir Akcil, Merve; Candemir, Serhan; Dogan, Hasan Gokhan; Bayramoglu, ZekiThis study aimed to determine the energy efficiency in almond production in T & uuml;rkiye, the structure of energy inputs, and the greenhouse gas (GHG) implications, and to evaluate the sustainability of the production system and identify areas for improvement. This study was conducted in Konya Province, one of the most important almond-growing regions in T & uuml;rkiye; data were obtained from primary sources through face-to-face surveys of 50 producers in Ere & gbreve;li during the 2025 season. The energy inputs and outputs were calculated using coefficients, and GHG emissions were estimated using emission factors, thereby enabling assessment of the main energy indicators, such as energy use efficiency (EUE), specific energy (SE), energy productivity (EP), and net energy (NE). The results of the study showed that the total energy input and total output were 36,081.25 MJ ha-1 and 21,036.57 MJ ha-1, respectively, and the EUE was calculated as 0.59, which shows that the production system is highly energy-intensive. Machinery, pesticides, electricity, and diesel were the highest energy inputs, indicating that the system depends on these inputs; consequently, the contribution of renewable energy sources to energy use was very limited. The net energy was negative, indicating the poor energy performance of the system, and total GHG emissions were 1806.6 kg CO2-eq ha-1, while electricity had the highest share of over 80% in GHG emissions. The emission intensity was 5.2 kg CO2-eq ha-1 of output, and therefore, the findings suggest that there are three priority areas for improving energy and environmental outcomes in almond production in T & uuml;rkiye: improving irrigation efficiency, optimizing nitrogen management, and increasing the share of renewable energy sources.Öğe Energy Use Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Plum (Prunus domestica L.) Production: Evidence from Central Türkiye(Springer, 2026) Bozdemir Akcil, Merve; Candemir, Serhan; Dogan, Hasan Gokhan; Bayramoglu, ZekiThis research sought to study the amount of energy and the amount of greenhouse gas released in the plum growing in Ak & scedil;ehir, a district of Konya. The information was obtained from the farmers mentioned above, by means of questionnaires which were filled up during a part of the 2025 harvest. In order to ascertain the energy and emission values of all inputs, standard references available to workers in agricultural investigations were used. Total energy input was found to be 10,441.48 megajoules per hectare, while total energy output was 26,127.53 megajoules per hectare. This means that for one unit of energy put in, there is about 2.53 units received. Nearly one half of all energy used is in the form of electricity, which also has the greatest potential effect on the general appearance of the farm from the point of view of its energy economy. The total amount of greenhouse gases evolved was estimated to be about 1217 kg per hectare, in terms of equivalent CO, of which about three-fourths come from the use of electric energy. These results show that there is an efficient use of energy in the growing of plums in this region, but that it is rather limited in its possibilities for improvement in environmental quality on account of the rare use of renewable energy. The greatest possibilities for use of this renewable energy lies in the way of increased use of solar energy for irrigation and from the use of machinery that is more economical in energy used for that purpose. The general effect of this would be a decrease in cost of production which would mean greater opportunity for agricultural enterprise and at the same time an improved quality of the farm from the point of view of it being more happily located in a less polluted environment.Öğe Energy Use Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Sour Cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) Production Systems in Türkiye(Springer, 2026) Candemir, Serhan; Akcil, Merve Bozdemir; Dogan, Hasan Gokhan; Bayramoglu, ZekiThe purpose of this study was to establish whether sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) production is a sustainable practice through determining the energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions produced by the process. Data for the study were collected using personal interviews with thirty-nine (39) farmers who grow sour cherries. The total amount of energy used (total energy input) and energy produced (total energy output) were found to be 13,652.01 MJ/ha-1 and 43,906.43 MJ/ha-1, respectively. The energy use efficiency of the sour cherry production system was determined to be 3.26; the specific energy use were 0.94 MJ/kg; the energy productivity was 1.11 kg/MJ; and the net energy use was 30,254.42 MJ/ha. The direct energy use and indirect energy use of the sour cherry production system were determined to be 45.72% and 54.28%, respectively; and the renewable and non-renewable energy use were determined to be 5.18% and 94.82%, respectively. The total amount of GHG emissions associated with the sour cherry production system was estimated to be 1367.81 kg CO2-eq/ha, and the emission intensity of the sour cherry production system was estimated to be 0.09 kg CO2-eq/kg. The fertilizer use was the largest contributor to both the total amount of energy used in the sour cherry production system and the total GHG emissions of the sour cherry production system. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that sour cherry production systems are operating beyond the energy break-even point; however, they are also reliant upon non-renewable inputs. Therefore, improving the fertilizer use efficiency and encouraging the use of renewable energy sources will improve both the environmental and economic sustainability of sour cherry cultivation.Öğe Erzincan İli Kemaliye İlçesinde Arıcılık Faaliyetlerinin Mevcut Durumu ve Ekonomik Analizi(2025) Candemir, Serhan; Alkaya, MehmetArıcılık kendine has özellikleri ile kırsal nüfus için iyi bir alternatif iş ve gelir kaynağıdır. Türkiye ekolojik olarak arıcılığa çok uygun bir doğaya sahip olmasına rağmen maalesef potansiyelinin çok azını kullanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, ekolojik yapısı bakımından arı yetiştiriciliğine uygun alanların fazlalığı, zengin bitki çeşitliğine sahip olması nedeni ile önemli bir konuma sahip olan Erzincan İli Kemaliye ilçesindeki arıcılık faaliyetlerinin mevcut durumunu değerlendirmek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu kapsamda 2023 yılında Erzincan ili Kemaliye ilçesinde faaliyet gösteren 87 arı yetiştiricisi ile tam sayım yapılarak çalışmanın birincil verileri toplanmıştır. Anket çalışmasında 26 soru ile arıcıların demografik özelliklerinin yanı sıra, arıcılığın ekonomik analizi, arıcılık dışı faaliyetleri, üretilen arı ürünleri, bal verimleri, koloni sayıları, ana arı değişimi ile üretimi, hastalık ile zararlılarla mücadeleleri, gezginci arıcılık durumları, besleme şekil ile zamanları, koloni kayıpları, arıcılıkta karşılaştıkları önemli sorunları, pazarlama ve satış faaliyetleri gibi konular hakkında ayrıntılı veriler elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre Erzincan ili Kemaliye ilçesinde 1 kg bal maliyeti sabit arıcılarda 141,89 TL, göçer arıcılarda ise 107,20 TL olarak hesaplanmıştır. Kovan başına toplam maliyet sabit arıcılarda 1409,75 TL, göçer arıcılarda ise 1007,83 TL olduğu tespit edilmiştir.Öğe Evaluating Energy Efficiency and Carbon Emissions in Banana Cultivation: the Case of Antalya Province in Türkiye(Springer, 2025) Candemir, Serhan; Agizan, Kemalettin; Dogan, Hasan Gokhan; Bayramoglu, ZekiThe aim of this study is to determine the energy efficiency of banana production and the carbon emissions during the production process. For this purpose, a survey study was conducted in Antalya Province, T & uuml;rkiye, in the 2021-2022 agricultural production season. Within the scope of the survey study, the input elements and technical coefficients of banana producers were recorded, and the primary data of the study were collected. The research results revealed that a total of 69,045.29 MJ ha-1 energy input was used in banana production. It was calculated that the total energy input originated from 57,228.45 MJha-1 (82.89%) nitrogenous fertilizer, 5301.59 MJha-1 (7.68%) diesel input, 2147.54 MJha-1 (3.11%) machinery use, 1923.94 MJha-1 (2.79%) labor, and 1258.76 MJha-1 (1.82%) pesticide use. In total, 97.17% of the energy input is provided from non-renewable energy sources, and this result is a risk factor in terms of the sustainability of agriculture. The total carbon emission from banana production was calculated as 2371.23 kg CO2-eq for the entire production, and 0.047 kg CO2-eq per kilogram of banana. It was determined that 40.2% of the total emission was caused by nitrogenous fertilizers, 29.0% by labor, and 11.0% by diesel use. The research findings reveal that fertilization is the most important input in both energy use and carbon emissions. For the sustainability of agricultural production, it is suggested that technical norms be taken into consideration in chemical fertilizer applications and that monitoring processes be developed. In addition, directing efforts toward more environmentally friendly alternatives that can be equivalent to chemical fertilizers can be considered a solution.Öğe From Intentions to Sustainable Actions: Behavioral Drivers of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation in Agriculture(Wiley, 2025) Ganiyusufoglu, Ali; Bayramoglu, Zeki; Mirza, Emel; Dogan, Hasan Gokhan; Edirneligil, Aysen; Candemir, SerhanIn the face of climate-related challenges in agricultural production, understanding farmers' decision processes regarding adaptation and mitigation strategies has become increasingly critical. There are numerous papers examining these behaviors across diverse geographic regions and socioeconomic contexts. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the adaptation and mitigation behaviors of farmers in T & uuml;rkiye. Therefore, this paper focuses on Konya-a major agricultural center in T & uuml;rkiye-and collects data from farmers in the region through a questionnaire survey. The research aims to explain their behaviors concerning climate change through the lens of different behavioral theories-specifically, theory of planned behavior (TPB), extended TPB by personal norms, and values-identity-personal norm (VIP) theory in a comparative manner. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) is employed to quantitatively analyze key psychological, moral, and identity-driven determinants of pro-environmental behaviors. Findings confirm the explanatory power of TPB constructs while personal norms emerge as critical drivers of mitigation behaviors with the extended TPB model. The VIP model further expands the analysis by integrating altruistic, egoistic, and biospheric values alongside environmental self-identity. This demonstrates that values and identity strongly influence personal norms and related behaviors. This paper not only fills a geographic gap by focusing on T & uuml;rkiye but also offers practical insights for designing policies and interventions that enhance the adaptive and mitigating capacities of behavioral frameworks from a comparative perspective. In practice, our findings suggest that sustainable development policies, publications, and rural development programs are most effective when they mitigate skill constraints through access to technology and timely training while simultaneously strengthening personal norms and environmental self-identity. Thus, the intention becomes sustainable adaptation and mitigation.Öğe Game-theoretic DEA optimization for sustainable agricultural carbon trading: Evidence from Türkiye's maize production(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2026) Hamidoglu, Ali; Candemir, Serhan; Bayramoglu, Zeki; Dogan, Hasan Gokhan; Agizan, Kemalettin; Kadry, SeifedineEffective agricultural carbon policy requires reliable monitoring and frameworks that consider efficiency, welfare, and adoption. Although monitoring systems are typically stronger in developed countries, they are costly to maintain, whereas in developing countries they are often limited or insufficient. We hypothesize that a performance-based carbon policy integrated with welfare and farm decision behavior improves suitability for heterogeneous agricultural settings under limited emissions data. This paper proposes a Forward-Looking Cooperative Cap-and-Trade Carbon Pricing (FCTCP), policy that assesses farms' carbon performance using carbon-equivalent resource, operational, and agrochemical inputs instead of direct carbon emission data, while integrating farm-level decision-making, cooperative carbon trading, and a welfare indicator aligned with emission performance. In this framework, farms are classified using Data Envelopment Analysis into efficient, near-efficient, and inefficient categories, and their policy participation is modeled through a cooperative Nash game. Nonlinear strategic interactions are solved using a hybrid optimization scheme consisting of four metaheuristic algorithms, including Particle Swarm Optimization, Artificial Bee Colony, Grey Wolf Optimizer, and Genetic Algorithm, and a nonlinear quasi-Newton optimization method, L-BFGS-B, to identify robust Nash equilibria. A case study of 104 maize farms in T & uuml;rkiye shows green welfare improvements of 9.65% for near-efficient farms and 15.23% for inefficient farms while achieving the low-carbon benchmark. Key determinants of adoption include efficiency-based caps, asymmetric trading rules, and carbon exchange without discounting. The results demonstrate that FCTCP is a practical, welfare-linked, and forward-looking policy mechanism capable of guiding early-stage carbon transitions in agricultural systems lacking mature carbon monitoring infrastructure.Öğe Long-term effects of some determinants in the agricultural sector on CO2 emissions: Panel data analysis by income groups of world countries(United Arab Emirates Univ, 2024) Dogan, Hasan Gokhan; Candemir, Serhan; Bayramoglu, Zeki; Agizan, KemalettinClimate change is defined as one of the biggest problems of the third millennium. All countries in the world are striving to produce policies on this issue and achieve a common consensus. Regulations are being made in various sectors and efforts are continuing to adopt ecofriendly production techniques. Just as climate change affects all sectors, it is also affected by the production activities of the sectors. One of these sectors is the agricultural sector. Inputs and production techniques used in agriculture create direct environmental costs. The production techniques used by countries depending on their income level and development level contribute to the climate change process to a certain extent. In this research, the effects of the inputs used in agricultural production on CO2 emissions according to the income levels of the countries of the world were investigated by panel data analysis. According to the results obtained, the effect of the arable land size of low and low-middle income group countries, the pesticides they use in agriculture, the animal fertilizers they use in agricultural production, the CO2 level released from the energy they use in agriculture, and the effect of their agricultural nitrogen use on the total CO2 level is statistically significant. While the effect of pesticide uses and the amount of nitrogen used in agriculture by middle-high income countries is statistically significant, it can be said that the amounts of pesticides used by high-income countries in agriculture, animal fertilizers used in agricultural production, the level of CO2 released from the energy they use in agriculture and their use of agricultural nitrogen are statistically significant. While the results obtained reveal the relationship between the amount used and CO2 emissions, they also indicate that the inputs used can be quality and environmentally friendly inputs. In classical suggestions, suggestions are made such as controlling input levels and preventing excessive use. However, the increasing world population and the resulting increase in nutritional needs emphasize the importance of optimal input use in agricultural production. It makes it important that qualitative, ecofriendly and effective inputs should be used rather than input usage possibilities and quantity-dimensional control.Öğe Long-term interactions among food prices, exchange rate and household real income in Türkiye(United Arab Emirates Univ, 2025) Dogan, Hasan Gokhan; Agizan, Kemalettin; Bayramoglu, Zeki; Candemir, SerhanFood inflation can be expressed as an increase in the general level of food prices in a certain period. The rate of food inflation in the total inflation in T & uuml;rkiye can be expressed as 25%. While food price increases directly affect inflation, they also exert great pressure on low-income households. In particular, the COVID-19 process and panic-induced demand shocks after the Russia-Ukraine war, sudden changes in monetary policies, and disruptions in the supply chain were directly reflected in food prices. Considering that exchange rate increases and inflation increases occur all over the world, examining the current situation quantitatively is considered important in terms of food inflation and access to food. In this study, the interactions between the real disposable income of households, food inflation, and the dollar exchange rate in T & uuml;rkiye between 2006 and 2022 were examined. According to the results obtained with the help of time series analysis, the increase in food inflation had a negative effect on disposable real income, whereas the dollar exchange rate had a positive effect. In the fight against food inflation, increasing the supply through productivity increases in agricultural production, adopting subsidies that will minimize costs in agriculture and agriculture-related sectors as state policy, ensuring the sustainability of all departments connected to the food supply chain, and introducing new approaches in inflation fight strategies according to income groups are medium and long term solutions. This will contribute to the economic welfare of households and to the economic growth process based on effective demand.Öğe Mandarin Üretiminin Ekosistem Üzerindeki Etkisi: Enerji Tüketimi ve Karbon Emisyonlarının Analizi(2025) Doğan, Hasan Gökhan; Bayramoğlu, Zeki; Candemir, Serhan; Ağızan, KemalettinTarım sektörü, yüksek enerji tüketimi ve çevresel etkileriyle öne çıkan bir alandır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, mandarin üretim süreçlerindeki enerji kullanımını ve karbon emisyonlarını analiz ederek, çevresel sürdürülebilirliği sağlamak adına çözüm önerileri sunmaktır. 2021-2022 üretim sezonunda Adana ilinde gerçekleştirilen araştırma, mandarin üretiminin çevreye olan etkilerine ilişkin önemli bilgiler sağlamaktadır. Elde edilen verilere göre, mandarin üretiminde kullanılan enerjinin büyük bir kısmı kimyasal gübreler (%33,88), sulama suyu (%23,94) ve pestisitlerden (%23,10) gelmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında, mandarin üretiminde toplam enerji girdisi 41604,60 MJ ha-1, enerji çıktısı ise 156582,40 MJ ha-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Üretim faaliyetlerinin toplam karbon emisyonu 954,69 kg CO2-eq kg-1 seviyesinde bulunmuş olup, emisyonların %25,97'sinin azotlu gübre kullanımından kaynaklandığı belirlenmiştir. Bu bulgular, mandarin üretiminde enerji verimliliğini artırmak için özellikle kimyasal gübre kullanımının azaltılmasının önemli olduğunu göstermektedir. Enerji tüketimini optimize etmek ve karbon emisyonlarını düşürmek adına, çevre dostu ve yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının kullanımının teşvik edilmesi gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır. Özellikle, kimyasal gübrelerin yerine çiftlik gübresi ve organik gübre gibi alternatiflerin kullanılması, mandarin üretiminden kaynaklanan çevresel etkilerin azaltılmasına katkı sağlayabilir.Öğe Productive efficiency of the pelagic trawl fisheries in the Southern Black Sea(Elsevier, 2021) Daǧtekin, Murat; Uysal, Osman; Candemir, Serhan; Genç, YaşarThis study aimed to reveal the need for efficient catching activity by comparing the efficiency of pelagic trawl fisheries in Turkey with Stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). For this purpose, data were obtained through face-to-face interviews with 19 vessels randomly selected among 82 fishing vessels during the period. Variables used for technical inefficiency (ui) were determined as professional trawling experience, the total crew, pelagic trawling subsidy rates, and the use of pelagic trawling credits. It was used the FRONTIER 4.1. for Stochastic efficiency frontier calculations developed by Coelli (2007). As a result of the study, it was revealed that an improvement of 26% was required for trawlers to become efficient. Technical efficiency in the sampled vessels ranged from 0.413 to 0.998, with an average of 0.739. According to the results, it was concluded that the efficiency of pelagic trawl fisheries could be increased due to the improvements in the existing structural conditions and the revisions to be made in the policies implemented and the subsidies provided. However, the factors affecting inefficiency seem to be influenced by internal factors such as experience in pelagic trawling, the total crew, and the most critical issue to eliminate inefficiency seems to be increasing the subsidy rate in pelagic trawlers. In this study, it was found that the effects of engine power, total length, fuel consumption and active fishing day reduce the effect of fish catching pressure to a low level. However, other factors affecting this pressure were also included in the model. Especially when it was considered that the use of credit did not affect the efficiency, it was revealed that the increase in the subsidy rates rather than the fuel subsidy would make the trawlers more efficient.Öğe Reducing energy use and greenhouse gas emissions through ınput optimization in Türkiye(Springer, 2024) Candemir, Serhan; Agizan, Kemalettin; Bayramoglu, Zeki; Dogan, Hasan GokhanThe relationship between agricultural production and climate change is bidirectional. As a production activity contingent on climatic conditions, it is the sector most susceptible to fluctuations in climate. However, the sector also contributes to climate change through the generation of energy and the release of carbon emissions associated with production activities. At present, carbon emissions from agricultural production constitute 24% of the total carbon emissions. It is of the utmost importance to reduce the use of fossil fuels and chemicals in agricultural production systems in order to mitigate the effects of global climate change. In order to achieve this, it is essential that agricultural production optimizes inputs without compromising food security. The principal objective of this study is to present an alternative method for reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions by optimizing inputs in sunflower production in Konya province, Turkey. The study analyses the changes in energy use and carbon emissions resulting from optimized input use according to the technical efficiency levels of the enterprises, while maintaining a constant yield. This is achieved by optimizing the inputs used in sunflower production. The results demonstrate 3.16% reduction in energy consumption and approximately 3.68% reduction in carbon emissions in comparison to the current input utilization composition. Upon examination of the technical efficiency levels of the enterprises, it is evident that optimizing the input utilization combinations of those with lower technical efficiency levels results in 7.94% energy savings and a 9.03% reduction in carbon emissions. The results of this study will contribute to the reduction of environmental impacts and the spread of sustainable agricultural practices by optimizing energy consumption and carbon emissions from agricultural production.
