Mucous Stools in Infancy as an Early Marker of the Atopic March: A Four-Year Cohort Study of Respiratory Atopy Risk

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dc.contributor.authorKaplan, Fatih
dc.contributor.authorGulyuz, Abdulgani
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-19T06:37:52Z
dc.date.available2026-06-19T06:37:52Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentMalatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractBackground: Mucous stools in infancy are commonly attributed to non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal food allergies and are generally considered transient and benign. However, whether mucous stools may indicate an atopy-prone clinical phenotype and relate to later respiratory atopy remains insufficiently explored. Objective: To evaluate the long-term risk of respiratory atopy (asthma and/or allergic rhinitis) in infants presenting with mucous stools during the first year of life and to identify early clinical predictors of this risk. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included infants who presented with mucous stools within the first 12 months of life and were followed for four years. Baseline demographic, clinical, dietary, and laboratory data were extracted from standardized medical records. Mucus severity was graded using a pragmatic 0-3 clinical mucus score. The primary outcome was physician-diagnosed asthma and/or allergic rhinitis at four years. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors, with model discrimination assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results: A total of 142 infants with complete follow-up data were analyzed. At four years, respiratory atopy was observed in 45 infants (31.7%). In multivariable analysis, family history of atopy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.68, 95% CI 1.20-5.98, p = 0.016) and wheezing at presentation (aOR 3.74, 95% CI 1.56-8.94, p = 0.003) were independent predictors of respiratory atopy. The mucus score was associated with respiratory atopy in univariable analysis but did not remain an independent predictor in multivariable modeling. The model showed good discrimination (AUC = 0.769). Conclusions: In this cohort of infants presenting with mucous stools in the first year of life, respiratory atopy was observed in nearly one-third by age 4. While mucous stool burden was associated with the outcome in univariable analyses, it did not remain an independent predictor after adjustment. Early wheezing and a family history of atopy were the strongest clinical predictors and may help identify infants who warrant closer follow-up. These findings should be interpreted as associative and hypothesis-generating in the absence of a mucous-stool-free comparison group.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/children13020266
dc.identifier.issn2227-9067
dc.identifier.issue2
dc.identifier.pmid41749622
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105031395938
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/children13020266
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12899/5238
dc.identifier.volume13
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001699934200001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofChildren-Basel
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20260612
dc.subjectMucous Stools
dc.subjectFood Protein-Induced Allergic Proctocolitis
dc.subjectAtopic March
dc.subjectRespiratory Atopy
dc.subjectInfant Wheezing
dc.subjectAllergic Rhinitis
dc.subjectAsthma
dc.subjectNon-Ige-Mediated Food Allergy
dc.subjectEarly-Life Immune Priming
dc.subjectPediatric Allergy
dc.titleMucous Stools in Infancy as an Early Marker of the Atopic March: A Four-Year Cohort Study of Respiratory Atopy Risk
dc.typeArticle

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