Metal pollution, eco-health risks and source apportionment in coastal sediments of Samsun, Türkiye: A receiving zone for the Kızılırmak and Yesilırmak rivers

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dc.contributor.authorVarol, Memet
dc.contributor.authorUstaoglu, Fikret
dc.contributor.authorTokatli, Cem
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-19T06:39:58Z
dc.date.available2026-06-19T06:39:58Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentMalatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThis research examined the levels, sources, ecological risks, and health impacts of metal contamination in the coastal sediments of Samsun province, impacted by the Yes,il & imath;rmak and K & imath;z & imath;l & imath;rmak rivers. Surface sediment samples collected from 18 sites representing various land-use types were analyzed for 13 metals (Ba, Cr, Mn, Ni, Co, Sr, Cu, Fe, Zn, Cd, Pb, As and Hg) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spatial assessment results revealed high Cr and Ni concentrations across all sites, primarily due to natural geological formations, while Cd, Pb, Cu, and Hg showed anthropogenic enrichment, particularly at sites near industrial and agricultural areas. Pollution and ecological risk indices as well as sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) were utilized to determine the contamination levels and ecological hazards associated with the metals. Pollution indices (EF, CF, PLI, NPI and MPI) indicated moderate to high pollution levels, mainly driven by Cr and Ni. Ecological risk indices (Er, RI and NRI) showed that Cd posed a moderate risk in sites influenced by industrial and agricultural activities. SQGs-based indices (mERM-Q, TRI and HQc) revealed that some sites exhibited toxic risk potential due to elevated Ni and Cr contents. Health risk assessments highlighted ingestion as the primary exposure pathway and indicated that children were more vulnerable thand adults. The Absolute Principal Component Score-Multiple Linear Regression model discovered three primary sources for metals: natural weathering (21.56 %), anthropogenic activities (32.35 %), and mixed sources (46.09 %). The findings emphasize the importance of determining local background values and sediment quality standards and reinforce the necessity for integrated management strategies to preserve coastal ecosystem health and public safety.
dc.description.sponsorshipGiresun University [FEN-BAP-A-290224-14]
dc.description.sponsorshipThis project was funded by Giresun University (FEN-BAP-A-290224-14) . Special thanks are given to Editor Apostolos Giannis and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions for improving this manuscript.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.envres.2025.122113
dc.identifier.issn0013-9351
dc.identifier.issn1096-0953
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0003-2080-7920
dc.identifier.pmid40499644
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105007599552
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.122113
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12899/5889
dc.identifier.volume282
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001517549200002
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherAcademic Press Inc Elsevier Science
dc.relation.ispartofEnvironmental Research
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20260612
dc.subjectMetal Pollution
dc.subjectCoastal Sediments
dc.subjectSpatial Variability
dc.subjectEcological Risk Assessment
dc.subjectSource Apportionment
dc.titleMetal pollution, eco-health risks and source apportionment in coastal sediments of Samsun, Türkiye: A receiving zone for the Kızılırmak and Yesilırmak rivers
dc.typeArticle

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