Sustainable binary/ternary blended mortars with recycled water treatment sludge using fly ash or blast slag: Characterization and environmental-economical impacts

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dc.contributor.authorKina, Ceren
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-19T06:41:04Z
dc.date.available2026-06-19T06:41:04Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.departmentMalatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractWater treatment sludge (WTS) is produced daily and disposed of as hazardous material. It would be advisable to use locally available waste products as supplementary cementitious materials that ensure to be disposed of without harming the environment. As a novelty, this research investigated the potential of using recycled WTS with fly ash (FA) and ground-granulated blast furnace slag (BFS) as ternary blended binders. Thus, it can provide an economical solution and alleviate the adverse environmental effects of excessive production of wastes and cement production. Within this scope, the mortars with 0-30 wt% replacement of cement with modified WTS (MWTS) were produced as binary blend, and also, they were combined with FA/BFS as ternary blended binders. Therefore, optimum utilization of waste products into the mortar in terms of rheological, mechanical, durability, microstructural properties, and environmental-economical aspects was examined. Adding 10% recycled WTS as binary caused higher strengths with lower porosity measured by the mercury intrusion porosimeter test and denser microstructure, as revealed by XRD patterns and SEM results. However, the drawbacks of using recycled WTS, in terms of rheological parameters and environmental-economical aspects, were suppressed by adding FA/BFS with comparable strength values. Specifically, cost, CO2 footprint, and embodied energy were reduced by combining 10% MWTS with FA by 8.87%, 37.88%, and 33.07%, respectively, while 90-day compressive and flexural strength were 5.1% and 5.32% lower. This study developed a feasible solution to use recycled MWTS by obtaining more eco-friendly and cost-effective cement-based materials.
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific Research Projects Committee of Malatya Turgut Ozal University in Turkiye [23G08]
dc.description.sponsorshipThe author would like to thank the analysis center of METU and Inonu University. Besides, thanks to the Scientific Research Projects Committee of Malatya Turgut Ozal University in Turkiye (Project No: 23G08) for their support of the current study.
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s11356-024-32175-7
dc.identifier.issn0944-1344
dc.identifier.issn1614-7499
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-2054-3323
dc.identifier.pmid38289557
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85185839975
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32175-7
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12899/6048
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001153698600008
dc.identifier.wosqualityN/A
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.institutionauthorKina, Ceren
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer Heidelberg
dc.relation.ispartofEnvironmental Science and Pollution Research
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20260612
dc.subjectWater Treatment Sludge
dc.subjectGround-Granulated Blast Furnace Slag
dc.subjectFly Ash
dc.subjectRheology And Strength
dc.subjectEnvironmental Impact And Cost
dc.titleSustainable binary/ternary blended mortars with recycled water treatment sludge using fly ash or blast slag: Characterization and environmental-economical impacts
dc.typeArticle

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