Can Environmental Enrichment Mitigate Cell Apoptosis in the Central Nervous System Under Adverse Health Conditions? A Systematic Review

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dc.contributor.authorde Sousa Fernandes, Matheus Santos
dc.contributor.authorFerreira, Diorginis Jose Soares
dc.contributor.authorYagin, Fatma Hilal
dc.contributor.authorBadicu, Georgian
dc.contributor.authorSantos, Gabriela Carvalho Jurema
dc.contributor.authorGuedes, Maria Carolina Santos
dc.contributor.authorArdigo, Luca Paolo
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-19T06:39:21Z
dc.date.available2026-06-19T06:39:21Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentMalatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractTo summarize the available evidence in the literature regarding the effects of exposure to an enriched environment (EE) on the modulation of apoptotic markers in central tissue of rodents under unfavorable conditions. Searches were conducted in three databases: PubMed/Medline (70 articles), Scopus (65 articles), and EMBASE (128 articles), all of which were subjected to eligibility criteria. Of the 263 articles found, 95 duplicates were removed. After evaluating the title and abstract, 147 studies were excluded, leaving 21 articles, 16 of which were included in this systematic review. EE was implemented using various inanimate objects. The disruptive event/condition included social isolation, cerebral ischemia, stroke, postpartum depression, accelerated aging, ischemia/reperfusion, high altitude, Alzheimer's disease, hypobaric hypoxia, infrasound exposure, sepsis, and exposure to sevoflurane. Regarding the expression of apoptotic markers, after EE exposure, there was a reduction in the expression of p-IKK beta/IKK beta and p-P65/P65 in the hippocampus, a reduction in Bax, as well as cleaved Caspase-3, Cytochrome C, a reduction in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and p53. As for anti-apoptotic markers, increased expression of Bcl-2 was observed following EE exposure. This systematic review concludes that the benefits of EE can reduce apoptosis through the modulation of both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes. In this regard, EE has been shown to be an important neuroprotective tool in various adverse conditions, mitigating cognitive deficits by reducing apoptosis related to cellular stress.
dc.description.sponsorshipPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project [PNURSP2024R422]; Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors express their gratitude for the support received from the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2024R422), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/cts.70478
dc.identifier.issn1752-8054
dc.identifier.issn1752-8062
dc.identifier.issue2
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-7010-5049
dc.identifier.pmid41566999
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105028180236
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1111/cts.70478
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12899/5567
dc.identifier.volume19
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001703772800001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWiley
dc.relation.ispartofCts-Clinical and Translational Science
dc.relation.publicationcategoryDiğer
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20260612
dc.subjectApoptosis
dc.subjectCell Death
dc.subjectEnriched Environment
dc.subjectNervous System
dc.subjectNeuroprotection
dc.titleCan Environmental Enrichment Mitigate Cell Apoptosis in the Central Nervous System Under Adverse Health Conditions? A Systematic Review
dc.typeReview

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