Malatya ili Battalgazi ekolojisinde yetiştirilen seçilmiş bazı alıç genotiplerinin bitkisel ve kimyasal özelliklerinin belirlenmesi
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2025
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Yayıncı
Malatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışma, 2023-2024 yılları arasında Malatya ili Battalgazi ilçesi sınırları içerisinde bulunan Kayısı Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Alıç Gen Koleksiyon Bahçesi'nde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın materyalini, Türkiye'nin farklı bölgelerinden toplanarak aynı ekolojik koşullar altında yetiştirilen 15 farklı alıç (Crataegus spp.) genotipi oluşturmuştur. Çalışma kapsamında, alıç genotiplerinin iki yıl boyunca fenolojik gelişim süreçleri takip edilmiş, morfolojik özellikleri UPOV (Uluslararası Yeni Bitki Çeşitlerini Koruma Birliği) kriterlerine göre değerlendirilmiştir. Her genotip için morfolojik özelliklerini yansıtan bireysel tanıtım kartları oluşturulmuştur. İki yıllık ortalama pomoloji analizi verilerine göre; meyve ağırlığı 1.02–13.38 g, meyve eni 11.43–31.01 mm, meyve boyu 11.69–23.03 mm, meyve hacmi 0.98–11.82 ml, et kalınlığı 2.34–8.87 mm ve et oranı %69.94–89.37 arasında ölçülmüştür. Çekirdek ağırlığı 0.30–1.38 g, çekirdek sayısı 1.00–4.94 adet, sap uzunluğu 4.03–18.97 mm, sap kalınlığı ise 0.63–1.72 mm olarak belirlenmiştir. Renk parametrelerinden C* 34.83–44.53, h° 17.96–97.41, SÇKM %10.45–20.21, TEA %0.32–1.51 arasında değişmiştir. İki yıllık ortalama fitokimyasal analiz sonuçlarına göre ise; toplam fenolik madde 1 058.87–2 455.70 mg GAE/kg TA, flavonoid 527.09–2 288.69 mg KE/kg TA, monomerik antosiyanin 0.73–552.28 mg/kg TA, karotenoid 68.36–468.05 mg β-karoten eşd./kg TA, protein %0.94–1.96, melatonin 0.17–10.15 ng/g bulunmuştur. Antioksidan kapasite DPPH yöntemiyle 881.99–2 435.93, ABTS ile 2 241.17–3 885.19, CUPRAC ile 3 273.04–13 735.64 mg TE/kg TA aralığında ölçülmüştür. Organik asitlerden tartarik 578.78–1 903.19, sitrik 470.32–3 536.30, okzalik 113.05–244.13, malik asit 2 803.63–9 846.68 mg/kg TA; şekerlerden sakkaroz 2.05–3.52, glikoz 2.29–5.05, fruktoz 1.83–4.07, sorbitol 0.85–5.50 g/100 g TA düzeyinde tespit edilmiştir. Makro elementlerden Na 24.60–154.16, Mg 99.60–301.44, K 1 429.04–2 601.16, Ca 486.16–1 670.40 mg/kg; mikro elementlerden Fe 4.75–12.10, Cu 1.48–4.98, Zn 0.17–2.54, Al 2.64–7.27 mg/kg aralığında bulunmuştur. Yapılan kümeleme analizinde genotipler iki ana gruba ayrılmış, genotiplerin büyük çoğunluğu birinci grupta yer alırken, F17 ve H14 kodlu genotipler diğerlerinden ayrılarak ikinci ana grubu oluşturmuştur. İncelediğimiz alıç genotiplerinde F17 ve H14 genotipleri meyve iriliği ve yüksek et oranı ile dikkat çekerken G19 ve C18 genotipleri yüksek fitokimyasal içerikleri ile öne çıkmıştır.
This study was conducted between 2023 and 2024 in the Hawthorn Gene Collection Garden of the Apricot Research Institute, which is located within the boundaries of Battalgazi district in Malatya province. The plant material consisted of 15 different hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) genotypes collected from different regions of Türkiye and grown under uniform ecological conditions. During the study, the phenological development of the hawthorn genotypes was observed over a period of two years and their morphological characteristics were evaluated according to UPOV (International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants) criteria. Individual identification cards reflecting the morphological characteristics were generated for each genotype. According to the two-year average pomological analysis data, fruit weight ranged from 1.02 to 13.38 g, fruit width from 11.43 to 31.01 mm, fruit length from 11.69 to 23.03 mm, fruit volume from 0.98 to 11.82 ml, pulp thickness from 2.34 to 8.87 mm, and pulp ratio from 69.94% to 89.37%. Seed weight was determined between 0.30 and 1.38 g, the number of seeds between 1.00 and 4.94, peduncle length between 4.03 and 18.97 mm, and peduncle thickness between 0.63 and 1.72 mm. Color parameters varied as follows: C* ranged from 34.83 to 44.53, h° from 17.96 to 97.41, soluble solids content (SSC) from 10.45% to 20.21%, and titratable acidity (TA) from 0.32% to 1.51%. According to the two-year average phytochemical analysis results, total phenolic content ranged from 1 058.87 to 2 455.70 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/kg fresh weight (FW), flavonoid content from 527.09 to 2 288.69 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/kg FW, monomeric anthocyanins from 0.73 to 552.28 mg/kg FW, carotenoids from 68.36 to 468.05 mg β-carotene equivalent/kg FW, protein content from 0.94% to 1.96%, and melatonin from 0.17 to 10.15 ng/g. Antioxidant capacity was measured as 881.99–2 435.93 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/kg FW by DPPH assay, 2 241.17–3 885.19 mg TE/kg FW by ABTS, and 3 273.04–13 735.64 mg TE/kg FW by CUPRAC method. Among organic acids, tartaric acid ranged from 578.78 to 1 903.19 mg/kg FW, citric acid from 470.32 to 3 536.30 mg/kg FW, oxalic acid from 113.05 to 244.13 mg/kg FW, and malic acid from 2 803.63 to 9 846.68 mg/kg FW. Among sugars, sucrose was measured at 2.05–3.52 g/100 g FW, glucose at 2.29–5.05 g/100 g FW, fructose at 1.83–4.07 g/100 g FW, and sorbitol at 0.85–5.50 g/100 g FW. Among the macroelements, Na ranged from 24.60 to 154.16 mg/kg FW, Mg from 99.60 to 301.44 mg/kg, K from 1 429.04 to 2 601.16 mg/kg, and Ca from 486.16 to 1 670.40 mg/kg. Among the microelements, Fe ranged from 4.75 to 12.10 mg/kg, Cu from 1.48 to 4.98 mg/kg, Zn from 0.17 to 2.54 mg/kg, and Al from 2.64 to 7.27 mg/kg. According to the cluster analysis, the genotypes were divided into two main groups. While the majority of the genotypes were grouped in the first cluster, genotypes coded F17 and H14 diverged from the others and constituted the second main group. Among the hawthorn genotypes examined, F17 and H14 were distinguished by their large fruit size and high pulp ratio, whereas G19 and C18 stood out due to their high phytochemical content.
This study was conducted between 2023 and 2024 in the Hawthorn Gene Collection Garden of the Apricot Research Institute, which is located within the boundaries of Battalgazi district in Malatya province. The plant material consisted of 15 different hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) genotypes collected from different regions of Türkiye and grown under uniform ecological conditions. During the study, the phenological development of the hawthorn genotypes was observed over a period of two years and their morphological characteristics were evaluated according to UPOV (International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants) criteria. Individual identification cards reflecting the morphological characteristics were generated for each genotype. According to the two-year average pomological analysis data, fruit weight ranged from 1.02 to 13.38 g, fruit width from 11.43 to 31.01 mm, fruit length from 11.69 to 23.03 mm, fruit volume from 0.98 to 11.82 ml, pulp thickness from 2.34 to 8.87 mm, and pulp ratio from 69.94% to 89.37%. Seed weight was determined between 0.30 and 1.38 g, the number of seeds between 1.00 and 4.94, peduncle length between 4.03 and 18.97 mm, and peduncle thickness between 0.63 and 1.72 mm. Color parameters varied as follows: C* ranged from 34.83 to 44.53, h° from 17.96 to 97.41, soluble solids content (SSC) from 10.45% to 20.21%, and titratable acidity (TA) from 0.32% to 1.51%. According to the two-year average phytochemical analysis results, total phenolic content ranged from 1 058.87 to 2 455.70 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/kg fresh weight (FW), flavonoid content from 527.09 to 2 288.69 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/kg FW, monomeric anthocyanins from 0.73 to 552.28 mg/kg FW, carotenoids from 68.36 to 468.05 mg β-carotene equivalent/kg FW, protein content from 0.94% to 1.96%, and melatonin from 0.17 to 10.15 ng/g. Antioxidant capacity was measured as 881.99–2 435.93 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/kg FW by DPPH assay, 2 241.17–3 885.19 mg TE/kg FW by ABTS, and 3 273.04–13 735.64 mg TE/kg FW by CUPRAC method. Among organic acids, tartaric acid ranged from 578.78 to 1 903.19 mg/kg FW, citric acid from 470.32 to 3 536.30 mg/kg FW, oxalic acid from 113.05 to 244.13 mg/kg FW, and malic acid from 2 803.63 to 9 846.68 mg/kg FW. Among sugars, sucrose was measured at 2.05–3.52 g/100 g FW, glucose at 2.29–5.05 g/100 g FW, fructose at 1.83–4.07 g/100 g FW, and sorbitol at 0.85–5.50 g/100 g FW. Among the macroelements, Na ranged from 24.60 to 154.16 mg/kg FW, Mg from 99.60 to 301.44 mg/kg, K from 1 429.04 to 2 601.16 mg/kg, and Ca from 486.16 to 1 670.40 mg/kg. Among the microelements, Fe ranged from 4.75 to 12.10 mg/kg, Cu from 1.48 to 4.98 mg/kg, Zn from 0.17 to 2.54 mg/kg, and Al from 2.64 to 7.27 mg/kg. According to the cluster analysis, the genotypes were divided into two main groups. While the majority of the genotypes were grouped in the first cluster, genotypes coded F17 and H14 diverged from the others and constituted the second main group. Among the hawthorn genotypes examined, F17 and H14 were distinguished by their large fruit size and high pulp ratio, whereas G19 and C18 stood out due to their high phytochemical content.
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